Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Vitamin C Tablets Using Co-Processed Excipient Combination of Jackfruit Seed Starch and Avicel®️ PH 101

Mayu Rahmayanti; Tanaya Jati Dharma Dewi; Ana Fadilia Aktifa; Sella Paramitha; Rahayu Hikmatul Nikmah; Lumen Muzaidi Septianshar

doi:10.24071/jpsc.008319

Design, Formulation, and Evaluation of Vitamin C Tablets Using Co-Processed Excipient Combination of Jackfruit Seed Starch and Avicel®️ PH 101

Mayu Rahmayanti^(1*), Tanaya Jati Dharma Dewi⁽²⁾, Ana Fadilia Aktifa⁽³⁾, Sella Paramitha⁽⁴⁾, Rahayu Hikmatul Nikmah⁽⁵⁾, Lumen Muzaidi Septianshar⁽⁶⁾,

(1) UIN MALANG
(2) UIN Malang
(3) UIN Malang
(4) UIN Malang
(5) UIN Malang
(6) UIN Malang
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Tablet is a popular pharmaceutical dosage form among the public. One method of making tablets is direct compression. This method must consider the flow properties and compressibility of the excipients. But many excipients do not meet these criteria, leading to the alternative use of co-processed excipients of jackfruit seed starch and avicel®️ PH 101. This research aims to determine the physical characteristics of direct compression vitamin C tablets using co-processed excipient of PBN-A (Jackfruit Seed Starch and Avicel®️ PH 101) with varying ratios of 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1. The research methods include powder preparation, powder evaluation, tablet compression, and physical evaluation of tablet. Descriptive and statistical data analysis using one-way ANOVA. The research results show that tablets exhibit favorable physical characteristics in F1, but F2 and F3 show suboptimal hardness and friability values. The statistical analysis results indicate a significant difference with a p-value of (0.000) and post-hoc tests explain that these significant differences are particularly noticeable between F1 and F2, K1, and K2. This study concludes that vitamin C tablets using co-processed excipients of PBN-A with ratios of 1:3, 3:1, and 1:1 exhibit good physical characteristics in all evaluations, except for the hardness and friability of F2 (3:1) and the hardness of F3 (1:1).

Keywords

-processed excipient; Direct compression; Filler agent; Tablet; Tabletting method

References

Abdul-Hasan, M.T., Jwad, K.K.M., Al-Shaibani, A.J.N., Al-Gburin, K.M.H., 2022. Quality evaluation of brands of propranolol HCl tablets available on Iraqi market. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 14(2), 48-52.

Aliyatunnaim, N.A., Septina, N.D.L., Ginting, D.F.A., Maharani, F., 2022. Karakteristik pati biji nangka (Atrocarpus heterophyllus) yang berpotensi sebagai pengganti gelatin pada pembuatan cangkang kapsul lunak, In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi. 9-12.

Bhatia, V., Dhingra, A., Chopra, B., Kumar, P., 2022. Co-processed excipients: recent advances and future perspective. Journal of Drug Delivery Sciences and Technology.,71(103316).

Cabral, M.V.S., Carneiro, A.M.P., Maior, R.M.S., Marinho, E.P., Nobrega, A.C.V., 2021. Customized price-quality microcrystalline cellulose for developing cementitious composites with improved mechanical properties. Construction and Building Materials, 300(124064).

Durga, D.H.N., Sowjanya, T.L., Pavani, T., Duppala, L., 2020. Formulation development and in-vitro evaluation of molsidomine matrix tablets for colon specific release. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(2), 59-68.

EEC (Eurasian Economic Commission), 2020. Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union. France: Eurasian Economic Commission.

Halim, M.H.P., Purwanto, U.R.E., Ikasari, E.D., 2020. Preparation and characterization of a co-processed excipient from purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas l.) starch and avicel ph 101. Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences (JFPS), 8(2), 344-350.

Hapsari, Y.I., Lestari, Y.N.A., Prameswari, G.N. 2023. Pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan terhadap kadar vitamin c pada jus jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.). Jurnal Gizi, 12(1), 37-45.

Ishikawa, A., Takasaki, H., Sakurai, A., Katayama, T., Wada, K., Furuishi, T., Fukuzawa, K., Obata, Y., Yonemochi, E., 2021. Manufacturability and properties of granules and tablets using the eco-friendly granulation method green fluidized bed granulation compared to direct compression. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 69(5), 447-455.

Kartika, D.H., Mutmainah, M., 2012. Pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi pati biji alpukat (Persea americana mill.) Sebagai pengikat terhadap karakteristik fisik granul dan tablet ekstrak akar alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica Linn.). Majalah Obat Tradisional, 17(2), 22-26.

Khasanah, K., Nawangsari, D., Kusuma, I.Y., 2023. Solid dispersion of acetosal using polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 in tablets with direct compressing method. Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research, 10(3), 183-194

[Kemenkes RI] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2020. Farmakope Indonesia. Sixth Ed., Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI.

Laili, N., Komala, A.M., Mulida, H., Suprapto., 2017. Optimasi konsentrasi amylum sagu (Metroxylon rumphii) sebagai Co-Processed pada pembuatan tablet teofilin. Pharmacon: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 14(2), 72-80.

Mamagkaki, A., Bouris, I., Parsonidis, P., Vlachou, I., Gougousi, M., Papasotiriou, I., 2021. Genistein as a dietary supplement; formulation, analysis and pharmacokinetics study. PloS ONE, 16(4), 1-18.

Margret, S., Madhavi, B., 2020. Study of direct compression method for the preparation of quinapril hydrochloride tablets. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Clinic Research, 13(1), 202-2011.

Markl, D., Zeitler, J.A. 2017. A review of disintegration mechanisms and measurement techniques. Pharm Res, 34(5), 890-917.

Masruroh, B.F., Suwardiah, D.K., Handajani, S., Miranti, M.G., 2021. Pengaruh proporsi puree biji nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk) dan tepung beras terhadap sifat organoleptik kue semprong nangka. Jurnal Tata Boga (JTB), 10(3), 529-539.

Mohammed, B.B., 2014. Co-processing effect of microcrystalline cellulose/pre-gelatinized maize starch on properties of directly compressed folic acid tablets. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 3(7), 24-32.

Mullaicharam, A.R., Al-qartoobi, M.S.S., 2013. Ascorbic acid-loaded microspheres: Preparation and micromeritics characterization. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(5), 3984-3990.

Mustarichie, R., Priambodo, D., 2018. Tablet formulation from meniran (Phyllanthus niruri l.) extract with direct compression method. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 10(4), 98-102.

Nazib, M. 2006. Pengaruh kadar primogel terhadap mutu fisik orally disintegrating tablet parasetamol. Surabaya: Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Airlangga.

Nnamani, N.D., Eraga, S.O., 2022. Evaluation of the compression properties of co-processed paracetamol, gelatin and microcrystalline cellulose formulation prepared via melt-in agglomeration. Trends in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8(4), 243-252.

Nugraheni, R.W., Putra, G.A., Ermawati, D., 2023. Optimization of tablet formulations containing green robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora) extract with various concentrations of sodium starch glycolate as a disintegrant. In: Proceedings 2nd International Conference on Medical Health Science, 284-289.

Pathan, R., Tomar, M., Sinha, A.R., 2024. Characterization and performance evaluation of hicel hfs in direct compression tablet formulation. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(1), 109-115.

Ponnaganti, H., Anke, K., 2022. Formulation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets of aceclofenac by direct compression method. Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, 13(2), 142-148.

Putri, N.S.F., Putra, M.N.R., Pratama, S.S., Widhiarivi, A.R., Utami, M.D., 2022. The effect of uncontrolled addition of gelatin in paracetamol tablet formulation. Journal of Science and Technology Research for Pharmacy, 1(2), 31-37.

Rahmayanti, M., 2021. Pengaruh variasi kadar pengisi laktosa dan manitol terhadap sifat fisik granul sebagai produk antara tablet effervescent ekstrak daun senna (Cassia acutifolia). Journal of Islamic Pharmacy, 6(2), 58-62.

Rosa, Y., Alwi, M., Ramadoni, P., 2020. Potensi amilum pregelatinasi dari biji nangka sebagai disintegrator dalam pembuatan tablet paracetamol metode kempa langsung. Jurnal Kesehatan Jurnal Ilmiah Multi Sciences, 10(01), 67-76.

Sa’adah, H., Fudholi, A. 2011. Optimasi formula tablet teofilin menggunakan co-processed excipients campuran laktosa dan avicel. Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, 22(4), 306–314.

Sathianarayanan, S., 2023. Role of starch-based drug delivery system and its pharma applications. Natural Biopolymers in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, 347-368.

Shen, C., Li, Y., Xu, X., 2022. Analysis of the compressibility of edible powders under low pressure. Journal of Food Engineering, 316(110828).

Sheskey, P. J., Hancock, B. C., Moss, G. P., and Goldfarb, D. J. 2020. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Sixth Edition., USA: Pharmaceutical Press.

Soedirman, I., Siswanto, A., Handayani, A.R., 2009. Pengaruh kombinasi avicel ph 101 dan amilum manihot sebagai bahan penghancur terhadap sifat fisis tablet parasetamol. Pharmacy, 06(01), 36-44.

Syofyan, Yelni, E.A., Azhar, R., 2013. Penggunaan kombinasi pati bengkuang-avicel ph 101 sebagai bahan pengisi co-process tablet isoniazid cetak langsung. Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 5(1), 42-50.

Tafere, C., Yilma, Z., Yehualaw, A. 2021. Formulation, in vitro characterization and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating co-trimoxazole tablet by direct compression. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e024664

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), 2002. United States Pharmacopoeia, 28(2), Amerika Serikat: United State Pharmacopoeia.

United States Pharmacopoeia (USP), 2007. United States Pharmacopoeia 30-national formulary 25, Amerika Serikat: United State Pharmacopoeia.

Zhao, H., Zhao, L., Lin, X., Shen, L., 2022. An update on microcrystalline cellulose in direct compression: functionality, critical material attributes, and co-processed excipients. Carbohydrate Polymers, 8(118968).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.008319