The Immunomodulator Effects of Biosynthetic Nanosilver Based on Immunoglobulin G Level of Mice Induced by Measles Vaccine Compared with Immunostimulant Agent

Dian Eka Ermawati; Putri Indah Nuraini; Niki Putri Anjani

doi:10.24071/jpsc.005834

The Immunomodulator Effects of Biosynthetic Nanosilver Based on Immunoglobulin G Level of Mice Induced by Measles Vaccine Compared with Immunostimulant Agent

Dian Eka Ermawati^(1*), Putri Indah Nuraini⁽²⁾, Niki Putri Anjani⁽³⁾,

(1) Department of Pharmacy, Vocation School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
(2) Department of Pharmacy, Vocation School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
(3) Department of Pharmacy, Vocation School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Inulin is a carbohydrate class contained in gembili tuber (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burkill) as a source of prebiotics to maintain immunity. Inulin can be used as a nanosilver bioreductor and increase the solubility of gembili's inulin. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of gembili's inulin nanosilver as an immunomodulator based on IgG levels of vaccine-induced Mice. Nanosilver at doses of 2 mg/KgBW, 4 mg/KgBW, 8 mg/KgBW, and 12 mg/KgBW was compared with synthetic immunostimulants to observe the type of immunomodulatory activity. This research was conducted in several stages, including the biosynthesis process, characterization, determination of nanosilver dose, animal conditioning, animal treatments, taking blood from retro-orbital sinuses, and ELISA reader. Blood serum obtained from the animals was analyzed for IgG levels using Mice IgG ELISA Kit and Spectrophotometer UV-VIS. The pH variation test was also conducted in this study which aims to determine the stability of the nanosilver solution at pH 8, 10, and 12. The results of the ELISA reader showed that the dose of 4 mg/KgBW. had the highest Optical Density value compared to other doses. Then, the comparison with synthetic immunostimulants produces p values of 0.13 >0.05, which is not significantly different. Nanosilver inulin at 4 mg/KgBW. is the chosen dose as an immunomodulator with immunostimulant activity. The stability results showed that increasing pH changes do not affect the pH change of gembili's inulin nanosilver solution. It is because nanosilver's pH control and adjustment are still in the alkaline range.

Keywords

IgG; Immunomodulator; Inulin; Nanosilver; pH stability

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdul-Hamid, N. A., Wahongan, G. J., Tuda, J. S. 2021. Deteksi antibodi imunoglobulin M dan imunoglobulin G anti Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Jurnal Biomedik: JBM, 13(1), 44-48.

Ahmed, S., Ahmad, M., Swami, B. L., Ikram, S. 2016. A review on plants extracts mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A green expertise. Journal of Advanced Research, 7(1), 17-28.

Albrecht, M. A., Evans, C. W., Raston, C. L. 2006. Green chemistry and the health implications of nanoparticles. Green Chemistry, 8(5), 417-432.

Azhar, M. 2009. Inulin sebagai prebiotik. Sainstek, 12(1), 1-8.

Baratawidjaja, K. G., Rengganis, I. 2006. Imunologi Dasar (9th ed.) Jakarta: Balai. Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Univeritas Indonesia.

Cleophas, T. J., Zwinderman, A. H., Cleophas, T. J., Zwinderman, A. H. 2016. One-sample continuous data (One-sample t-test, one-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test, 10 patients). SPSS for Starters and 2nd Levelers, 3-6.

Dewanti, F. K., Rahayuni, A. 2013. Substitusi inulin umbi gembili (Dioscorea esculenta) pada produk es krim sebagai alternatif produk makanan tinggi serat dan rendah lemak. Journal of Nutrition College, 2(4), 474-482.

Dubey, S. P., Lahtinen, M., Särkkä, H., Sillanpää, M. 2010. Bioprospective of Sorbus aucuparia leaf extract in development of silver and gold nanocolloids. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 80(1), 26-33.

Elabscience. 2021. Mouse IgG (Immunoglobulin G) ELISA Kit. Elabscience Biotechnology: USA.

Ermawati, D. E., Sasmito, E., Mufrod, M., ND, P. E., UA, N. P., Anggi, K. D., Aini, S. 2017. Optimum dose and formulation of Centella asiatica L. Urban extract against IgG of Wistar strain male mice which induced by BCG vaccine. Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4(3).

Ermawati, D. E., Yuniastuti, A., Fadjrin, H. I. 2021. Effectiveness of nanosilver biosynthesis using inulin gembili tuber (Dioscorea esculenta L.) on variation of inulin solution towards particle sizes and antibacterial activities. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1912(1), 012042.

Fabiani, V. A., Sutanti, F., Silvia, D., Putri, M. A. 2018. Green synthesis nanopartikel perak menggunakan ekstrak daun pucuk idat (Cratoxylum glaucum) sebagai bioreduktor. Indo. J. Pure App. Chem., 1(2), 68-76.

Handajani, F. 2021. Metode pemilihan dan pembuatan hewan model beberapa penyakit pada penelitian eksperimental. Sidoarjo: Zifatama Jawara.

Jain, S., Mehata, M. S. 2017. Medicinal plant leaf extract and pure flavonoid mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antibacterial property. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 15867.

Kaviya, S., Santhanalakshmi, J., Viswanathan, B., Muthumary, J., Srinivasan, K. 2011. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Citrus sinensis peel extract and its antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79(3), 594-598.

Kemenkes RI. 2017. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 tentang Penyelenggaraan Imunisasi. Kementerian Kesehatan RI: Jakarta.

Khasanah, Y., Nurhayati, R., Btari, S., Ratnaningrum, E. 2019. Isolation oligosaccharides from gembili (Dioscorea esculenta Lour. Burkill) as prebiotics. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 633(1), 012006.

Kumar, N., Krishnani, K. K., Gupta, S. K., Singh, N. P. 2018. Effects of silver nanoparticles on stress biomarkers of Channa striatus: immuno-protective or toxic? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 14813-14826.

Larenas-Linnemann, D., Rodríguez-Pérez, N., Arias-Cruz, A., Blandón-Vijil, M. V., Del Río-Navarro, B. E., Estrada-Cardona, A., Rojo-Gutiérrez, M. I. 2020. Enhancing innate immunity against virus in times of COVID-19: Trying to untangle facts from fictions. World Allergy Organization Journal, 13(11), 100476.

Manurung, H. E. F., Saptini, Y. 2021. Penentuan suhu, waktu, dan kecepatan putaran yang optimal pada proses sentrifugasi pengujian kadar gel berdasarkan SNI 8385: 2017. Pertemuan dan Presentasi Ilmiah Standardisasi, 2020, 141-146.

Masruroh, H., Masruroh, U. D., Nugraheni, F. S., Paramita, V. 2018. Analisa kadar lemak dalam susu perah sapi menggunakan gaya sentrifugasi. Metana, 14(1), 25-30.

Mohanraj, V. J., Chen, Y. J. 2006. Nanoparticles-a review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 5(1), 561-573.

Putro, D. S. 2022. Pengaruh variasi volume kombinasi sari buah dan infusa kulit buah jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis) terhadap karakteristik dan aktivitas antibakteri nanosilver. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 1(1).

Scientific, H. 2012. A guidebook to particle size analysis. Horiba Instruments, Inc., 1-29.
Santosa, B. 2020. Teknik Elisa: Metode Elisa Untuk Pengukuran Protein Metallothionein Pada Daun Padi Ir Bagendit. In Unimus Press, Semarang. (Issue 18).

Santoso, K., Herowati, U. K., Rotinsulu, D. A., Murtini, S., Ridwan, M. Y., Hikman, D. W., Sukmawinata, E. 2021. Perbandingan deteksi titer antibodi pascavaksinasi rabies berbasis kolorimetri menggunakan ELISA reader dan kamera telepon genggam. Jurnal Veteriner Maret, 22(1), 79-85.

Sugiani, D., Aryati, Y., Mufidah, T., Purwaningsih, U. 2015. Efektivitas vaksin bivalen Aeromonas hydrophila dan Mycobacterium fortuitum untuk pencegahan infeksi penyakit pada ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy). Jurnal Riset Akuakultur, 10(4), 567-577.

Tiwari, D. K., Jin, T., Behari, J. 2011. Dose-dependent in-vivo toxicity assessment of silver nanoparticle in Wistar rats. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 21(1), 13-24.

Tiyaboonchai, W. 2003. Chitosan nanoparticles: a promising system for drug delivery. Naresuan University Journal: Science and Technology (NUJST), 11(3), 51-66.

Yahmal, P. 2021. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian campak. Jurnal Medika Hutama, 3(01 Oktober), 1612-1615.

Wahyuwardani, S., Noor, S. M., Bakrie, B. 2020. Etika kesejahteraan hewan dalam penelitian dan pengujian: Implementasi dan kendalanya. Jurnal Wartazoa, 30(4), 211-220.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.005834