NON-FORMAL EDUCATION OPTIONS FOR ADDRESSING SECURITY CHALLENGES IN NORTH-EAST AND NORTH-WEST NIGERIA

Murtala Akanbi Yusuf(1*), Lawali Zakari(2),

(1) Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
(2) Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The issue of Boko Haram and Banditry insurgency has been characterized by the killing, of people, abduction of school children, kidnapping for ransom, army robbery, raping, rustling of cows, destruction of houses, schools, mosques, churches, markets, security posts, health care centers, and farms has become a great security problem in northeast and northwest, Nigeria. The issue has resulted in a waste of peoples’ lives and livelihoods in the two geopolitical zones. The researchers believe that Boko haram insurgency and banditry security issues in Nigeria can be better addressed through Non-formal Education options. This study, therefore, examined how non-formal education can be explored to end insecurity challenges in the northeast and northwest Nigeria. The researchers used the Google database to get relevant journal papers. The prism technique was used to get and extract data based on the known inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the analysis, non-formal education options can be explored to address boko haram insurgency and banditry in north-east and north-west Nigeria and if non-formal education options as described in this study are adopted, boko haram insurgency and banditry will be of the past in Nigeria.


Keywords


Banditry, Boko haram, insecurity, non-normal education, north-east, north-west Nigeria

Full Text:

PDF

References


Adedire, S.A., Ake, M. & Olowojolu, O. (2016). Combating Terrorism and Insurgency in Nigeria: An International Collaborations against Boko Haram. Fountain University Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 5, 67-7. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/162155808.pdf.

African Reports N’288, (2000). Violence in Nigeria’s North West: Rolling Back the Mayhem. International Crisis Group.

Ahmed, T. M. (2021). Banditry Dynamism and Operating Pattern of Crime in North West Nigeria. A threat to National Security. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350158153.

Aljazeera Media Network (2021). Death, Anguish and Flickers of Hope: 10 years of Boko Haram:Aljazeera. Com.

Aliyu, A, Moorthy, R, & Idris, N.A.B. (2015). Towards understanding the boko haram phenomena in Nigeria. Asian Social Science, 11(8), 307-317. doi:10.5539/ass.v11n10p307.

Amaechi, L. N. (2017). Failed state and the challenges of economic development in Nigeria.

University of Nigeria Journal of Political Science, 10(1), 1-16.

Amalu, N.S. (2015). Impacts of Boko Haram Insurgency on Human Security in Nigeria. Global Journal of Social Sciences. 14(1), 35-42. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v14i1.4

Awojobi, O. N. (2014). The Socio-Economic Implications of Boko Haram Insurgency in the North-East of Nigeria. International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research, 11(1), 144-150. http://www.ijisr.issr-journals.org/

B.B.C. (2021). Nigeria’s Zamfara School abduction: more than 300 Nigerian Girls Missing

Campbell, J. (2014). Boko Haram; Origin, Challenges and Responses. Norwegian Peace building Resource Center

Deutche Welle (2021). News on Boko Haram. Retrieved from www.DW.com, on 9th June, 2021

Human Right Watch (2018). Nigerian Events of 2018. New York, United States of America,

Innocent, E. O. & Onyishi. T. O. (2014). Boko Haram and Security Challenges in Nigeria. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review. 3(11),1-18. https://www.arabianjbmr.com/pdfs/KD_VOL_3_11/1.pdf

Jaiyeola, A.O. & Bayat, A. (2019). Assessment of trends in income poverty in Nigeria from 2010-2013: An analysis based on the Nigeria General Household Survey. Journal of Poverty, 24(3),1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2019.1668900

Jaiyeola, A.O., & Choga, I. (2020). Assessment of poverty incidence in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Poverty. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2020.1783424.

Khan, A., & Cheri, L.(2016). An examination of poverty as the foundation of crisis in northern Nigeria. Insight on Africa, 8(1), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0975087815612283.

Mbah, F. (2021). “Dozens of Nigerian students abducted by armed ‘bandits’.” Al Jazeera 17 February.

Nyaku, N. (2021). Concept Note: North East Development Commission

Obaji, O. (2021). Why Insurgency and Bandit attacks are intensifying in Nigeria. TRT World.Com retrieved 17th, June, 2021.

Ojo, J.S. (2020). Governing “ungoverned spaces” in the foliage of conspiracy: toward (re)ordering terrorism, from Boko Haram insurgency, Fulani militancy to banditry in northern Nigeria. African Security, https://doi.org/10.1080/19392206.2020.1731109.

Okoli, A.C. & Ugwu, A.C. (2019). Of marauders and brigands: scoping the threat of rural banditry in Nigeria’s northwest. Brazilian Journal of African Studies, 4(8), 201-222. doi: https://doi.org/10.22456/2448-3923.93808.

Oko, E., Henry, U. & Washington, B. (2018). Is Nigeria a failed state? a commentary on the Boko Haram insurgency. Global Journal of Human-Social Science: F Political Science, 18(5), 1-5.

Rosenje, M. O. & Adeniyi, O.P. (2021). The impact of banditry on Nigeria’s security in the fourth republic: an evaluation of Nigeria’s northwest. https://zjpd.com.ng/index.php/zjpd/article/download/30/33.

Segun,M., Adedeji, I. & Donnelly, C. E. (2016). Boko Haram impacts on Education in North East Nigeria: Chatham House, the Royal Institute of Internal Affairs.

Sumah, S. (20180. Corruption, Causes and Consquences. DOI 10.5772/inter chopper 72953.

Sky News (2021). Abduction of School Girls in Zanfara State, Nigeria.

Ugwuanyi, B.I. & Chukwuemeka, E.E.O. (2013). Enhancing rural development in Nigeria: Periscoping the impediments and exploring imperative measures. Singaporean Journal of Business Economics, and Management Studies, 1(8), 1-11.

Verjee, A. & Kwaja, M.A. (2021). An epidemic of kidnapping: Interpreting school abductions and insecurity in Nigeria. African Studies Quarterly, 20(3), 87-105.

Wikipedia (2021). North East/Nigeria.

Yusuf, M.A. (2019). Exploring national values potentials in poverty reduction in Nigeria. The Essence and purpose of Adult and Community Development. A Festschrift in honour of Professor Muhammad Bello Shitu. Kano: Department of Adult Education and Community Services, Bayero University.

Yusuf, M.A., Ladan, B., Idris, U.A, & Halilu, A. (2013). Comparative study of the state of literacy in Nigeria and Cuba. European Scientific Journal, 9(19), 34-45 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2013.v9n19p%25p .




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet.v7i1.4642

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Murtala Akanbi Yusuf, Lawali Zakari

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

Indexed and abstracted in:

 


IJIET Sinta 2 Certificate (S2 = Level 2)

We would like to inform you that IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching):has been nationally accredited Sinta 2 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia based on the decree  No. Surat Keputusan 158/E/KPT/2021. Validity for 5 years: Vol 5 No 2, 2021 until Vol 10 No 1, 2026.


 


Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

IJIET DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/ijiet

p-ISSN: 2548-8422 (since 5 January 2017); e-ISSN: 2548-8430 (since 5 January 2017)

 

Flag Counter


IJIET (International Journal of Indonesian Education and Teaching) is published twice a year, namely in January and July, by the Institute for Research and Community Services of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.