BRIDGING KNOWLEDGE AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: AI INTEGRATION FOR TPACK DEVELOPMENT IN EFL TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM
(1) Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Recent research indicates that generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) such as ChatGPT has great potentials to support English as a foreign language (EFL) preservice teachers (PSTs) to develop their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) during their studies in teacher education programs (TEPs). How these PSTs view academic integrity while using GenAI and apply it for TPACK development are still unknown. Looking at the above gaps, this study aimed at exploring how EFL PSTs use GenAI to develop their TPACK and perceived academic integrity. This study recruited eight EFL PSTs in an Indonesian public education university using a basic qualitative methodology. This study employed semi-structured interviews and researchers’ notes to collect the data. The data in this work was analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The results revealed that participants used AI for language skill development and for content creation as well as task assistance. The results also showed that they knew the potential risks of GenAI on academic integrity, had their own strategies for maintaining academic integrity when using GenAI, and had good impressions of academic integrity in AI-assisted learning. This study drew several theoretical and practical implications to support the application of GenAI in TEPs.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abramowitz, B., & Antonenko, P. (2022). In-service teachers’ (mis)conceptions of artificial intelligence in K-12 science education. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 55(1), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2119450
Akayoglu, S., Satar, H. M., Dikilitas, K., Cirit, N. C., & Korkmazgil, S. (2020). Digital literacy practices of Turkish pre-service EFL teachers. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 36(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4711
Alkamel, M. A. A., & Alwagieh, N. A. S. (2024). Utilizing an adaptable artificial intelligence writing tool (ChatGPT) to enhance academic writing skills among Yemeni university EFL students. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 10, Article 101095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2024.101095
Alrishan, A. M. H. (2023). Determinants of intention to use ChatGPT for professional development among Omani EFL pre-service teachers. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(12), 187–209. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.12.10
Altalhab, S., Alsuhaibani, Y., & Gillies, D. (2021). The reflective diary experiences of EFL pre-service teachers. Reflective Practice, 22(2), 173–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2020.1865903
Baskara, R., & Mukarto. (2023). Exploring the implications of ChatGPT for language learning in higher education. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 343–358.
Batane, T., & Ngwako, A. (2017). Technology use by pre-service teachers during teaching practice: Are new teachers embracing technology right away in their first teaching experience? Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(1), 48–61. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2299
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Celik, I. (2023). Towards Intelligent-TPACK: An empirical study on teachers’ professional knowledge to ethically integrate artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools into education. Computers in Human Behavior, 138, Article 107468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107468
Chasanah, I., & Sumardi, S. (2022). A retrospective narrative study of pre-service teachers’ language barrier experiences in international teaching practicum. VELES Voices of English Language Education Society, 6(1), 271–282. https://doi.org/10.29408/veles.v6i1.5356
Chaudhry, I. S., Sarwary, S. A. M., El Refae, G. A., & Chabchoub, H. (2023). Time to revisit existing student’s performance evaluation approach in higher education sector in a new era of ChatGPT: A case study. Cogent Education, 10(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2210461
Cotton, D. R. E., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2023). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(2), 228–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
Daweli, T., & Mahyoub, R. (2024). Exploring EFL learners’ perspectives on using ai tools and their impacts in reading instruction: An exploratory study. Arab World English Journal, 10, 160–171. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/call10.11
Deng, J., & Lin, Y. (2022). The benefits and challenges of ChatGPT: An overview. Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems, 2(2), 81–83.
Drajati, N. A., Rakerda, H., Sulistyawati, H., Nurkamto, J., & Ilmi, M. (2021). Investigating the adoption of TPACK-21CL by English pre-service teachers in a COVID-19 teaching practicum. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1), 124–133. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v11i1.34625
Farrokhnia, M., Banihashem, S. K., Noroozi, O., & Wals, A. (2023). A SWOT analysis of ChatGPT: Implications for educational practice and research. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(3), 460–474. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2195846
Fathi, J., & Ebadi, S. (2020). Exploring EFL pre-service teachers’ adoption of technology in a CALL program: Obstacles, motivators, and maintenance. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 3897–3917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10146-y
Fitria, T. N. (2023a). Artificial intelligence (AI) technology in OpenAI ChatGPT application: A review of ChatGPT in writing English essay. Journal of English Language Teaching, 6(1), 44–58.
Fitria, T. N. (2023b). Using natural reader: A free text-to-speech online with AI-powered voices in teaching listening TOEFL. ELTALL: English Language Teaching, Applied Linguistic and Literature, 4(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21154/eltall.v4i02.6305
Gonulal, T. (2021). Investigating EFL learners’ humorous interactions with an intelligent personal assistant. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(7), 4521–4534. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1974489
Habibi, A., Yusop, F. D., & Razak, R. A. (2020). The role of TPACK in affecting pre-service language teachers’ ICT integration during teaching practices: Indonesian context. Education and Information Technologies, 25(3), 1929–1949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-10040-2
Holland, A., & Ciachir, C. (2024). A qualitative study of students’ lived experience and perceptions of using ChatGPT: immediacy, equity and integrity. Interactive Learning Environments. 33(1), 483–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2350655
Hong, W. C. H. (2023). The impact of ChatGPT on foreign language teaching and learning: Opportunities in education and research. Journal of Educational Technology and Innovation, 5(1) 37–45.
Huang, X., Zou, D., Cheng, G., Chen, X., & Xie, H. (2023). Trends, research issues and applications of artificial intelligence in language education. Technology & Society, 26(1), 112–131. https://doi.org/10.2307/48707971
Joo, Y. J., Park, S., & Lim, E. (2018). Factors influencing preservice teachers’ intention to use technology: TPACK, teacher self-efficacy, and technology acceptance model. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(3), 48–59. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26458506
Kalla, D., & Smith, N. B. (2023). Study and analysis of ChatGPT and its impact on different fields of study. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 8(3), 827–833.
Kim, N. J., & Kim, M. K. (2022). Teacher’s perceptions of using an artificial intelligence-based educational tool for scientific writing. Frontiers in Education, 7, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.755914
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2005). What happens when teachers design educational technology? The development of technological pedagogical content knowledge. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(2), 131–152. https://doi.org/10.2190/0ew7-01wb-bkhl-qdyv
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002205741319300303
Kohnke, L., Moorhouse, B. L., & Zou, D. (2023). ChatGPT for language teaching and learning. RELC Journal, 54(2) 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882231162868
Kohnke, L., Zou, D., & Su, F. (2025). Exploring the potential of GenAI for personalised English teaching: Learners’ experiences and perceptions. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 8, Article 100371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100371
Koraishi, O. (2023). Teaching English in the age of AI: Embracing ChatGPT to optimize EFL materials and assessment. Language Education & Technology (LET Journal), 3(1), 55–72.
Kusuma, I. P. I. (2022a). EFL preservice teachers’ technology integration in managing and teaching speaking skills during emergency remote teaching. Profile: Issues in Teachers’ Professional Development, 24(2), 149–165. https://doi.org/10.15446/profile.v24n2.97497
Kusuma, I. P. I. (2022b). How does a TPACK-related program support EFL pre-service teachers’ flipped classrooms? LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 15(2), 300–325. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/LEARN/index
Kusuma, I. P. I. (2022c). “Why this and not that social media?” Reasons for using technology during online practice teaching. The JALT CALL Journal, 18(2), 264–285.
Kusuma, I. P. I., Roni, M., Dewi, K. S., & Mahendrayana, G. (2024). Revealing the potential of ChatGPT for English language teaching: EFL preservice teachers’ teaching practicum experience. Studies in English Language and Education, 11(2), 650–670. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v11i2.34748
Liang, J.-C., Hwang, G.-J., & Chen, M.-R. A. (2021). Roles and research foci of artificial intelligence in language education: An integrated bibliographic analysis and systematic review approach. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(7), 4270–4296. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1958348
Lo, A. W. T. (2025). The educational affordances and challenges of generative AI in Global Englishes-oriented materials development and implementation: A critical ecological perspective. System, 130, Article 103610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2025.103610
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Mishra, P., & Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017–1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x
Nikolic, S., Sandison, C., Haque, R., Daniel, S., Grundy, S., Belkina, M., Lyden, S., Hassan, G. M., & Neal, P. (2024). ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, SciSpace and Wolfram versus higher education assessments: An updated multi-institutional study of the academic integrity impacts of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) on assessment, teaching and learning in engineering. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 29(2), 126–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/22054952.2024.2372154
Nketsiah, I., Imoro, O., Barfi, K. A., Amoah, E., & Amenorvi, C. R. (2023). Academic integrity: Do socio-demographic differences in perception and awareness of plagiarism matter? Cogent Education, 10(2), Article 2273175. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2273175
Park, M., & Son, J. B. (2020). Pre-service EFL teachers’ readiness in computer-assisted language learning and teaching. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 42(2), 320–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2020.1815649
Petko, D., Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2024). Placing TPACK in context: Looking at the big picture. Computers and Education Open, 7, Article 100236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100236
Rad, H. S., Alipour, R., & Jafarpour, A. (2023). Using artificial intelligence to foster students’ writing feedback literacy, engagement, and outcome: a case of Wordtune application. Interactive Learning Environments, 32(9), 5020–5040. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2208170
Safari, P. (2020). Iranian ELT student teachers’ portrayal of their identities as an English language teacher: Drawings speak louder than words. Journal of Language, Identity and Education, 19(2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2019.1650279
Salazar Noguera, J., & McCluskey, K. (2017). A case study of early career secondary teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness for teaching: lessons from Australia and Spain. Teacher Development, 21(1), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2016.1204353
Salinas, D., & Ayala, M. (2018). EFL Student-Teachers’ Identity Construction: A Case Study in Chile. HOW, 25(1), 33–49. https://doi.org/10.19183/how.25.1.380
Shulman, L. (1986). Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching. Educational Researcher, 15(2), 4–14.
Sulaimani, A. O., Sarhandi, P. S. A., & Buledi, M. H. (2017). Impact of CALL in-house professional development training on teachers’ pedagogy: An evaluative study. Cogent Education, 4(1), Article 1355646. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1355646
Tai, T. Y., & Chen, H. H. J. (2022). The impact of intelligent personal assistants on adolescent EFL learners’ speaking proficiency. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 37(5–6), 1224–1251. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2022.2070219
Tsai, S. C. (2022). Chinese students’ perceptions of using Google Translate as a translingual CALL tool in EFL writing. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(5–6), 1250–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1799412
Waer, H. (2021). The effect of integrating automated writing evaluation on EFL writing apprehension and grammatical knowledge. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 17(1), 47–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2021.1914062
Wulandari, M., & Purnamaningwulan, R. A. (2024). Exploring Indonesian EFL pre-service teachers’ experiences in AI-assisted teaching practicums: Benefits and drawbacks. LLT Journal: Journal on Language and Language Teaching, 27(2), 878–894. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v27i2.8690
Yang, T., & Dong, C. (2024). What influences teachers’ implementation of ICT in early childhood education? A qualitative exploration based on an ecological-TPACK framework. Computers and Education Open, 7, Article 100228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100228
Yüksel, G., & Kavanoz, S. (2011). In search of pre-service EFL certificate teachers’ attitudes towards technology. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 666–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.111
DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v28i2.12809
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 I Putu Indra Kusuma, Luh Gd Rahayu Budiarta, Anak Agung Putri Maharani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching Sinta 1 Certificate
.jpg)

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA.
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

.png)

















