STOICISME DALAM TEOLOGI SAKRAMEN SANTO AGUSTINUS

Riki Maulana Baruwarso(1*),

(1) 
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Saint Augustine is tradionally known as a Christian thinker strongly influenced by Platonic tradition. His reflection on sacrament has strongly been considered as a Christian-Platonic achievement in theology. This work begs to differ on this point. It will analyse his sacramental theology and argue for a trace of Stoic tradition in his comprehension of the sacrament, instead of Platonic or Neoplatonic tradition. An analysis of his interest in language and rhetoric (i.e. his philosophy of language), the notions used, the logic applied could indicate a strong influence of Stoicism. His comprehension of the term ‘sign’ gives a hint of knowledge of or acquintance with the Stoic tradition. Given the importance of the notion ‘sign’ in his theology, his reflection on sacrament cannot be the other way round.

Abstrak

Secara tradisional santo Agustinus dikenal sebagai pemikir Kristiani yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh tradisi Platonis. Pemikirannya mengenai sakramen telah dipandang sebagai sebuah pencapaian Kristiani-Platonis dalam teologi. Tulisan ini menawarkan posisi yang berbeda. Tulisan ini akan menganalisa teologi sakramentalnya dan berargumentasi bahwa teologi sakramen St. Agustinus memberikan bukti adanya pengaruh tradisi Stoik, daripada pengaruh tradisi Platonis atau Neoplatonis. Analisa terhadap minatnya akan bahasa dan retorika (yakni, filsafat bahasa), terminologi-terminologi yang digunakan, logika yang diterapkan dapat menunjukkan pengaruh besar Stoicisme. Pemahamannya terhadap kata ‘tanda’ memberikan indikasi akan pengetahuan atau pengenalan akan tradisi Stoik. Menyadari pentingnya kata ‘tanda’ dalam teologinya, refleksi St. Agustinus mengenai sakramen pun turut menunjukkan pengaruh Stoicisme.


Keywords


St. Augustine, Stoicism, philosophy of language, word/verbum, sign, significabilia, sacramentum, res, divine grace. Santo Agustinus, Stoicisme, filsafat bahasa, kata/sabda, tanda, significabilia, sacramentum, res, rahmat Ilahi.

References


Augustine, The Confessions, translated by William Watts, St. Augustine’s Confessions, vol I, edisi bilingual. Sussex: Bookprint Limited, 1968.

Augustine. Letter 138, translated and noted by Roland Teske, edited by Boniface Ramsey, Letters 100 – 155 (Epistulae) II/2. New York: New City Press, 2003.

Augustine. The City of God, translated by John Healey, edited by R.V.G. Taskaer, with an Introduction by Sir Ernest Barker. London - New York: The Temple Press Letchworth, 1947.

Augustine. The Teacher, translated, with introduction and notes by Peter King, Against the Academicians, The Teacher. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing Company Inc., 1995.

Augustine. Tractates on the Gospel of John 26, 11, translated by John W. Rettig, The Fathers of The Church: St. Augustine Tractates on the Gospel of John 11-27. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1988.

Augustine, Tractates on the Gospel of John 80,3, translated by John W. Rettig, The Fathers of The Church: St. Augustine Tractates on the Gospel of John 55-111 (Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 1994.

Augustine. De doctrina Christiana, edited and translated by R.P.H. Green, edisi bilingual. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Burnyeat, Myles F. “Wittgenstein and Augustine: De Magistro” (1987). In Augustine and Wittgenstein, edited by John Doody/Alexander R. Eodice/Kim Paffenroth, hlm. 1-20. Lanham, Maryland: The Rowman and Littlefield Publishing Group, 2018.

Caputo, John D./Scanlon, Michael J. “Introduction: The Postmodern Augustine”. In Augustine and Postmodernism: Confessions and Circumfession, edited by John D. Caputo/Michael J. Scanlon, hlm. 11-16- Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2005.

Dahlmann, Hellfried. Varro und die hellenistische Sprachtheorie. Berlin: Weidmann, 1932.

Daniélou, Jean. Origene: Il genio del Cristianesimo. Roma: Arkeios, 1991.

Duchrow, Ulrich Duchrow. Sprachverständnis und Biblisches Hören bei Augustinus. Tubingen: Mohr, 1965.

King, Peter. “Augustine on Language”. In The Cambridge Companion to Augustine, edited by David Vincent Meconi/Eleonore Stump, hlm. 292-310. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Lycan, William G. Philosophy of Language: A Contemporary Introduction, second edition. London – New York: Routledge, 2008.

Martos, Joseph. Doors to the Sacred: A Historical Introduction to Sacraments in the Catholic Church, revised and updated edition. Missouri: Ligori/Triumph, 2001.

Mayer, C.P. “Philosophische Voraussetzungen und Implikationen in Augustines Lehre von den Sacramenta.” Augustiniana vol. 22 no. 1/2 (1972): 53-79.

Miller, Alexander. Philosophy of Language, second edition. London – New York: Routledge, 2007.

O’Daly, Gerard. “Augustine”. In Routledge History of Philosophy, vol. II., From Aristotle to Augustine, edited by David Furley, hlm. 389-429. London and New York: Routledge, 1997.

Peters, Gabriel. I Padri della Chiesa 2. Roma: Borla, [tanpa tahun].

Rudolf, Kahterine. “Augustine’s Picture of Language.” Augustinian Studies 36 no. 2 (2005): 327-358.

Sellar, John. Stoicism. Durham: Acumen, 2010.

Sextus Empiricus. Outlines of Scepticism, edited by Julia Annas and Jonathan Barnes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Soames, Scott. Philosophy of Language. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.

Testa, Benedetto. I Sacramenti della Chiesa. Milano: Jaca Book, 2001.

Tillich, Paul. A History of Christian Thought: From Its Judaic and Hellenistic Origins to Existentialism. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968.

Tornau, Christian. “Saint Augustine”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2020 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), dalam https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/#pagetopright (diakses pada 01.11.2023).

Watson, Gerard. “St. Augustine’s Theory of Language.” Maynooth Review 6 (1982): 4-20.

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Philosophical Investigations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1968.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jt.v13i01.8250

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 Indexed and abstracted in:

P-ISSN: 2302 - 5476 (Validity starting Volume 2012-10-05) 

E-ISSN: 2579 - 3934 (Validity starting Volume 6, No. 1, Mei 2017)

Jurnal Teologi (Journal of Theology) by Faculty of Theology Sanata Dharma University 

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.