In Search of the Babayi: A cartography of a Distinct Filipina Theoethics

Alfonso Jr Pascual Suico(1*),

(1) Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This paper on methodology is an attempt to find a distinct Filipino theology and ethics by retrieving the sense of the babayi (woman). The babayi comes from the ancient Asiatic script called the baybayin. Inspired by the courage and resiliency of the Filipina woman in the face of tragedy and war, the goal is to map out a theo-ethics that is uniquely reflective of the Filipino woman within the broader feminist and liberation ethics. As a method, it critiques the prevailing framing of Western feminism common among Filipino women writers. Following intersectionality, a paradigm that analyzes oppression as the crossroad of racism and poverty, this method locates the Filipina in the multiaxial framing of history, the struggle of poverty and discrimination, displacement, religion and dialogue, and ecology. This multidimensional approach considers the long history of oppression experienced by our people, reflects inherent Filipino values and provides a method for understanding the Filipina and her allies today.

Keywords: babayi (woman), intersectionality, feminism, liberation


Full Text:

PDF

References


Works Cited

Astorga, Christina A. Catholic Moral Theology and Social Ethics: A New Model. Maryknoll:

Orbis Books, 2013.

______ .Human Rights from an Asisan Perspective: The Challenge of Diversity and the

Limits to Universality. In Human Nature and Natural Law, edited by Lisa Sowle Cahill, Hille Haker, and Eloi Messi Metogo, 8898. Concilium, 2010/3. London: SCM Press, 2010.

Austronesian Comparative Dictionary - PAN Index. Accessed November 18, 2017. http://www.trussel2.com/ACD/acd-pl_pan.htm#b.

Berehulak, Daniel. They Are Slaughtering Us Like Animals. The New York Times, December

, 2016, sec. World. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/12/07/world/asia/rodrigo-duterte-philippines-drugs-killings.html.

Brazal, Agnes M., ed. Transformative Theological Ethics: East Asian Contexts. Theology and

Religious Studies. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2010.

Brazal, Agnes M., Andrea Lizares Si, Christine E. Gudorf, Pushpa Joseph, Gemma Tulud Cruz,

Yih Lan Tsou, et al., eds. Body and Sexuality: Theological-Pastoral Perspectives Of Women in Asia. Theology and Religious Studies Series. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2007.

Brazal, Agnes M., and Emmanuel S. de Guzman. Intercultural Church: Bridge of Solidarity in

the Migration Context. Place of publication not identified: Borderless Press, 2015.

Brook, Rita Nakashama. Asian Women Theologians Respond to American Feminism. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 3, no. 2 (September 1987): 10334.

Cahill, Lisa Sowle. Feminist Ethics. Theological Studies 51, no. 1 (March 1990): 4964.

Carbo, Nick and Eileen tabios, eds. Babaylan: An Anthology of Filipina and Filipina American Writers. First. San Francisco: Aunt Laute Books, 2000.

Cole, Mabel Cook. Philippine Folk Tales. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1916. http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/creation-phil.html#creationstory.

Crenshaw, Kimberlee. Demarginalization the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics, in University of Chicago Legal Forum vol. 1989, no. 1, Article 8 (1989): 139-167

Crosthwaite, Alejandro. Latin American Liberative Ethics. In Ethics: A Liberative Approach, ed. Miguel A. De La Torre. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.

Curaming, Lilian M. Dialogue: A Path to Peace (A Christians Perspective). Dialogue &

Alliance 1415, no. 21 (2000): 14350.

. Highlights of Muslim-Christian Dialogue in the Philippines. Dialogue & Alliance 1415, no. 21 (2000): 90104.

. Interreligious Dialogue and the Mission of the Catholic Church. Dialogue & Alliance 19, no. 2 (2005): 2938.

. Religion as a Motivating Force in the Pursuit of Peace. Dialogue & Alliance 25, no. 1 (2011): 3539.

. Religion: Source of Conflict, Resource of Peace. Dialogue & Alliance 16, no. 2 (September 2002): 6466.

Darby Kathleen Ray. Working. Christian Exploration of Daily Living. Minneapolis: Fortress

Press, 2012.

De La Torre, Miguel, ed. Ethics: A Liberative Approach. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.

Dean, Sarah and John Carney for Daily Mail. Harrowing Images Show Hundreds of Filipino drug Dealers Shot Dead. Mail Online, July 27, 2016. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3710940/Harrowing-pictures-brutal-truth-Philippines-war-drugs-s-seen-300-killed-just-one-month-president-ordered-police-bars-ground.html.

Dionisio, Eleanor R., ed. Becoming a Church of the Poor: Philippine Catholicism after the

Second Plenary Council. Quezon City, Philippines: John J. Carroll Institute on Church and Social Issues, 2011.

_______. A Guide to Arguments for and against the Reproductive Health Bill. Ateneo de Naga

University, 2011. http://www.adnu.edu.ph/images/A%20Guide%20to%20Arguments%20For%20and%20Against%20the%20Reproductive%20Health%20Bill.pdf.

Greenpeace International. Nestl, Unilever, P&G among Worst Offenders for Plastic Pollution in Philippines in Beach Audit. Greenpeace International. Accessed December 4, 2017. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/2017/Nestle-Unilever-PG-among-worst-offenders-for-plastic-pollution-in-Philippines-in-beach-audit/.

Isasi-Diz, Ada Mara. Praxis: The Heart of Mujerista Theology. Journal of Hispanic/Latino

Theology 1, no. 1 (November 1993): 4455.

Kwok, Pui-lan. Postcolonial Imagination and Feminist Theology. Louisville: Westminster

John Knox Press, 2005.

Mercurio, Richmond. Philippines No. 1 in Gender Equality in Asia; 7th in World.

philstar.com. Accessed October 30, 2017.

http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/10/26/1637479/philippines-no.-1-gender-equality-asia-7th-world.

Miller, Jack. Religion in the Philippines | Asia Society. Asiasociety.org. Accessed November 3, 2017. http://asiasociety.org/education/religion-philippines.

Mosbergen, Dominique. The Harrowing Story Of Filipina Women Enslaved In Japans

Wartime Rape Camps. Huffington Post, May 18, 2016, sec. The World Post. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/comfort-women-philippines-m-evelina-galang_us_57232d48e4b0f309baf08490.

Peracullo, Jeane C. Kumakalam Na Sikmura: Hunger as Filipino Womens Awakening to Ecofeminist Consciousness. Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 31, no. 2 (September 2015): 2544.

Philippine Commission on Women.Statistics on Violence against Filipino Women | Philippine Commission on Women. Accessed November 17, 2017. http://pcw.gov.ph/statistics/201405/statistics-violence-against-filipino-women.

Philippine Statistics Office. Highlights of the Philippine Population 2015 Census of Population | Philippine Statistics Authority. Accessed November 3, 2017. https://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-population-2015-census-population.

Pope Francis. Amoris Laetitia The Joy of Love: On Love in the Family. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press, 2016.

. Laudato Si: On Care for Our Common Home. Huntington, Indiana: Our Sunday Visitor,

Inc., 2015.

Potet, Jean-Paul G. Baybayin, the Syllabic Alphabet of the Tagalogs. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Press, 2014. http://www.lulu.com/shop/jean-paul-g-potet/baybayin-the-syllabic-alphabet-of-the-tagalogs/paperback/product-22011069.html.

Sanchez, Rachel Joyce Marie O, and Stephanie Ann Y Puen. Deconstructing and Expanding Gender Roles: Theological Reflections on Women and Local Disaster Response. Budhi 19, no. 1 (2015): 4980.

Schmidtz, David, and Elizabeth Willott, eds. Environmental Ethics: What Really Matters, What Really Works. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Schneiders, Sandra. Beyond Patching: Faith and Feminism in the Catholic Church. New York: Paulist Press, 2004.

Spear, Lisa. Philippine Tribes Under Attack, Rights Groups Say. Time, September 15, 2015.

http://time.com/4028811/philippines-lumad-mindanao-indigenous-military-war-killings/.

Suico, Alfonso P. Appraising Religious Liberty in the Philippine Reproductive Health Debates. STL thesis, Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University, 2016.

Tizon, Alex. My Familys Slave. The Atlantic, June 2017. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/06/lolas-story/524490/.

Tooley, Michelle. Feminist Liberative Ethics. In Ethics: A Liberative Approach, ed. Miguel A. De La Torre. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.

Townes, Emilie M., Ethics as an Art of Doing the Work Out Souls Must have, In Womanist Theological Ethics A Reader, eds. Katie Geneva Cannon, Emilie M. Townes, Angela D. Sims. Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2011.

Vicini, Andrea, and Agnes M Brazal. Longing for Transcendence: Cyborgs and Trans- and Posthumans. Theological Studies 76, no. 1 (March 2015): 14865. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040563914565308.

Ward, Ken. Is Gender Inequality Really so Low in the Philippines? East Asia Forum (blog), March 20, 2015. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2015/03/21/is-gender-inequality-really-so-low-in-the-philippines/.

Young, Thelathia Nikki, and Robyn Henderson-Espinosa. Women of Color Liberative Ethics. In Ethics: A Liberative Approach, ed. Miguel A. De La Torre. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2013.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jaot.2019.010205

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Free counters!

 StatCounter - Free Web Tracker and Counter

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jaot

ISSN: (validity starting Volume 2 Nomor 2, Februari - Juli 2021) 2775-3425

E-ISSN: (valitidy starting Vol. 1, No. 2, Agustus 2019) 2656-7997

Creative Commons License

Journal of Asian Orientation in Theology is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.