Pemetaan Struktur Intelektual dan Arah Penelitian Baru dalam Keberlanjutan E-Commerce: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
(1) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Bisnis Kumala Nusa Yogyakarta
(2) Universitas Sebelas Maret
(*) Corresponding Author
Abstract
Abstrak
Ekspansi e-commerce yang berlangsung cepat telah mengintensifkan tekanan lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi di sepanjang supply chain yang berbasis digital, tetapi penelitian keberlanjutan yang ada masih terfragmentasi secara konseptual. Review ini mengkaji bagaimana keberlanjutan telah distrukturkan dalam literatur e-commerce dan mengklarifikasi peran artificial intelligence (AI) yang sedang berkembang sebagai kapabilitas integratif. Dengan mengikuti prosedur systematic review berbasis PRISMA, 63 rekaman Scopus berhasil diidentifikasi, 53 di antaranya berlanjut ke tahap screening, dan 40 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi akhir. Analisis dalam studi ini memadukan publication profiling, keyword clustering, klasifikasi teoretis dan kontekstual, sintesis pemangku kepentingan, novelty mapping, dan path network analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya percepatan publikasi yang tajam setelah tahun 2020 serta konsentrasi yang kuat pada logistik, last-mile delivery, kinerja ekonomi, dan luaran lingkungan, sementara keberlanjutan sosial masih relatif kurang berkembang. Literatur yang ada menerapkan beragam teori perilaku, teknologis, organisasional, dan pemangku kepentingan, tetapi belum ada arsitektur dominan yang menghubungkan adopsi teknologi, kapabilitas organisasi, respons pemangku kepentingan, transformasi supply chain, dan luaran keberlanjutan multidimensional. Hal yang paling penting, analitik yang terkait dengan AI muncul dalam aplikasi-aplikasi yang terisolasi, tetapi AI belum tampak sebagai klaster tematik sentral maupun sebagai simpul penghubung dalam path network. Review ini karenanya memperluas khazanah pengetahuan dengan memosisikan ulang AI dari sekadar perangkat digital yang berdiri sendiri menjadi kapabilitas yang berpotensi memungkinkan dan mengoordinasikan (potentially enabling and coordinating capability), yang menghubungkan operasi, perilaku konsumen, keputusan organisasi, mitra logistik, governance, dan luaran keberlanjutan. Penelitian selanjutnya sebaiknya menguji mekanisme kausal multi-level dengan menggunakan data longitudinal dan data dunia nyata, menilai trade-offs dan rebound effects, mendiversifikasi latar geografis dan sektoral, serta mengevaluasi AI melalui indikator kinerja lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial yang eksplisit, alih-alih hanya mengandalkan perolehan efisiensi. Evaluasi tersebut sebaiknya beroperasi di bawah tatanan multi-stakeholder governance yang transparan, akuntabel, dan peka konteks.
Abstract
Rapid e-commerce expansion has intensified environmental, social, and economic pressures across digitally enabled supply chains, yet existing sustainability research remains conceptually fragmented. This review examines how sustainability has been structured in e-commerce literature and clarifies the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) as an integrative capability. Following PRISMA-based systematic review procedures, 63 Scopus records were identified, 53 proceeded to screening, and 40 articles met the final inclusion criteria. The analysis combined publication profiling, keyword clustering, theoretical and contextual classification, stakeholder synthesis, novelty mapping, and path network analysis. Results show a sharp publication acceleration after 2020 and a strong concentration on logistics, last-mile delivery, economic performance, and environmental outcomes, while social sustainability remains comparatively underdeveloped. The literature applies multiple behavioural, technological, organizational, and stakeholder theories, but no dominant architecture connects technology adoption, organizational capability, stakeholder responses, supply-chain transformation, and multidimensional sustainability outcomes. Most importantly, AI-related analytics appear in isolated applications, yet AI does not emerge as a central thematic cluster or connecting node in the path network. This review therefore advances the body of knowledge by repositioning AI from a stand-alone digital tool to a potentially enabling and coordinating capability linking operations, consumer behaviour, organizational decisions, logistics partners, governance, and sustainability outcomes. Future research should test multi-level causal mechanisms using longitudinal and real-world data, assess trade-offs and rebound effects, diversify geographical and sectoral settings, and evaluate AI through explicit environmental, economic, and social performance indicators rather than efficiency gains alone. These evaluations should operate under transparent, accountable, context-sensitive multi-stakeholder governance arrangements.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/exero.v8i1.14816
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