LANGUAGE DISCORD AND LANGUAGE ATTITUDE AMONG EFL LEARNERS: INSIGHTS FROM AN INDONESIAN UNIVERSITY

Nashruddin Nashruddin(1), Slamet Setiawan(2*), Suhartono Suhartono(3),

(1) Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
(2) Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
(3) Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Language discord is one of problems experienced by Indonesian EFL learners when producing English utterances, and those problems can affect their language attitude towards English. The objectives of this research are to find (1) forms of language discord experienced by EFL learners when producing English utterances, (2) factors causing the language discord, and (3) language attitudes towards English as the effect of the language discord. Employing a qualitative approach, this case study was conducted at a university in South Sulawesi, and purposive sampling technique was used to obtain research participants. Based on certain criteria regarding the samples that were most suitable and considered to produce the desired data, four students from the English education department were selected as research participants. Data collection involved observations and in-depth interviews. The technique of data analysis involved a procedure consisting of data managing, reading and giving a memo, describing, classifying, data interpretation, visualizing, and representing. Findings showed three forms of language discord: naked language discord, disguised language discord, and uncontrolled language discord. From the interview results, three factors that caused language discord were found: high excitement, unpreparedness, and deference. As the effect of the language discord, the EFL learners stated they were more enthusiastic to become proficient English speakers, and they felt trained to memorize English vocabularies.

Keywords


EFL learner, language attitude, language discord, utterance production

Full Text:

PDF

References


Agustine, S., Asi, N., & Luardini, M. A. (2021). Language use in EFL classroom interaction: A sociolinguistic study. International Journal of Language Education, 5(4), 372–381. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v5i4.23598

Alshammari, H. A. (2022). Investigating the low English proficiency of Saudi EFL learners. Arab World English Journal, 13(1), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no1.9

Andrade, C. (2021). The inconvenient truth about convenience and purposive samples. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 43(1), 86–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0253717620977000

Bensalem, E., & Thompson, A. S. (2022). Multilingual effects on EFL learning: A comparison of foreign language anxiety and self-confidence experienced by bilingual and multilingual tertiary students. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(7), 2653–2667. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2021.1943306

Carney, N. (2022). L2 comprehension of filled pauses and fillers in unscripted speech. System, 105(1), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102726

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. New York: SAGE Publications.

de Jong, E., & Gao, J. (2023). Preparing teacher candidates for bilingual practices: Toward a multilingual stance in mainstream teacher education. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 26(4), 472–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2022.2119072

Dewaele, J. M., & Botes, E. (2020). Does multilingualism shape personality? An exploratory investigation. International Journal of Bilingualism, 24(4), 811–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006919888581

Diep, L. T. N., Zainal, A. G., Hassan, I., Sunarti, S., Al-Sudani, A. Q. A. S., & Assefa, Y. (2022). Cultural familiarity, foreign language speaking skill, and foreign language anxiety: The case of Indonesian EFL learners. Education Research International, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3910411

Dobrushina, N., & Moroz, G. (2021). The speakers of minority languages are more multilingual. International Journal of Bilingualism, 25(4), 921–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211023150

Dragojevic, M. (2018). Language attitudes. In H. Giles & J. Harwood (Eds.), Oxford research encyclopedia of intergroup communication (pp. 179–192). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.437

Elhami, A., & Khoshnevisan, B. (2022). Conducting an interview in qualitative research: The modus operandi. MEXTESOL Journal, 46(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/fulltext/EJ1333875.pdf

Evans, M., Fisher, L., Forbes, K., & Liu, Y. (2019). The form and functions of newcomer EAL students’ speech in English: Patterns of progression and communication in semi-structured interview dialogue. Language and Education, 33(1), 18–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2018.1445756

Fan, W. (2022). A trial analysis on slips of the tongue. Curriculum and Teaching Methodology, 5(1), 12–18. https://doi.org/10.23977/curtm.2022.050103

Fournet, M., Pernon, M., Chiuvé, S. C., Lopez, U., & Laganaro, M. (2021). Attention in post-lexical processes of utterance production: Dual-task cost in younger and older adults. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(11), 1852–1872. https://doi.org/10.1177/17470218211034130

Frederiksen, A. T., & Kroll, J. F. (2022). Regulation and control: What bimodal bilingualism reveals about learning and juggling two languages. Languages, 7(3), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/languages7030214

Getie, A. S. (2020). Factors affecting the attitudes of students towards learning English as a foreign language. Cogent Education, 7(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2020.1738184

Goldin, M. (2022). Language activation in dual language schools: The development of subject-verb agreement in the English and Spanish of heritage speaker children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 25(8), 3046–3067.

Hernandez, R. M., Garay-Argandoña, R., Lira, L. A. N., Fuster-Guillén, D., Garay, J. P. P., & Ocaña-Fernandez, Y. (2021). Investigating instructors’ and students’ attitudes towards the effectiveness of having target cultural knowledge on learning english as a foreign language. International Journal of Society, Culture and Language, 9(3), 64–72. https://doi.org/article_246248.html

Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2017). An introduction to sociolinguistics. London: Routledge.

Hong, J., & Francis, D. C. (2020). Unpacking complex phenomena through qualitative inquiry: The case of teacher identity research. Educational Psychologist, 55(4), 208–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2020.1783265

Huang, S., & Liu, Y. (2023). How to talk to myself: Optimal implementation for developing fluency in EFL speaking through soliloquizing. English Teaching & Learning, 47(2), 145–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42321-022-00110-z

Ianos, M. A., Rusu, A., Huguet, À., & Lapresta-Rey, C. (2023). Implicit language attitudes in Catalonia (Spain): Investigating preferences for Catalan or Spanish using the implicit association test. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44(3), 214–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1806857

Imad, M. (2022). Investigating barriers of oral communication between university teachers and students: English department students as a case study. International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies, 3(3), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v3i3.238

Indrayadi, T., Daflizar, D., Irawan, Y., & Helty, H. (2021). Indonesian EFL students’ difficulties in recognizing English letters. Qualitative Report, 26(11), 3476–3491. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4846

Kroll, J. F., & De Groot, A. M. (2009). Handbook of bilingualism: Psycholinguistic approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Lee, C. (2022). Intention to use versus actual adoption of technology by university English language learners: What perceptions and factors matter? Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(8), 2049–2077. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1857410

Levinson, S. C. (2016). Turn-taking in human communication - Origins and implications for language processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(1), 6–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.10.010

Listyani, L. (2022). Exploring problems encountered by six Indonesian teachers in teaching English: A case study in an EFL context. In H. Şenol (Ed.), Pedagogy (pp. 1–16). Rijeka: IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102968

Lőrincz, M. (2023). EFL student teachers’ beliefs about language teaching approaches and instructional practices. Electronic Journal of Foreign Language Teaching, 20(2), 167–192. https://doi.org/10.56040/mlrc2024

McKenzie, R. M., & Carrie, E. (2018). Implicit–explicit attitudinal discrepancy and the investigation of language attitude change in progress. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 39(9), 830–844. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2018.1445744

Moradi, H., & Chen, J. (2022). Attitude-behavior relation and language use: Chinese-English code-switching and code-mixing among Chinese undergraduate students. SAGE Open, 12(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/0.1177/21582440221142287

Mulyono, H., & Saskia, R. (2021). Affective variables contributing to Indonesian EFL students’ willingness to communicate within face-to-face and digital environments. Cogent Education, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.1911282

Nakamura, T. (2019). Understanding motivation for learning languages other than English: Life domains of L2 self. System, 82(2), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2019.03.006

Pepito, C. V., & Ed, M. A. (2023). Common speech errors in L2: Categorization, analysis, and implication. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Researches, 10(4), 16–40. https://doi.org/assets/Uploads/Articles/2.-Common-Speech-Errors-in-L2-Categorization-Analysis-and-Implication.pdf

Pérez-Izaguirre, E., & Cenoz, J. (2020). Immigrant students’ minority language learning: An analysis of language ideologies. Ethnography and Education, 16(2), 145–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457823.2020.1818598

Poole, R. (2022). “Corpus can be tricky”: Revisiting teacher attitudes towards corpus-aided language learning and teaching. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 35(7), 1620–1641. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1825095

Ramzan, M., Aziz, A., & Ghaffar, M. (2021). A study of code-mixing and code-switching (Urdu and Punjabi) in children’s early speech. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 17(2), 869–881. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.60

Rosiak, K. (2023). The role of language attitudes and ideologies in minority language learning motivation: A case study of Polish migrants’ (de)motivation to learn Welsh. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 11(1), 26–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2021-0018

Schleef, E. (2023). Mechanisms of meaning making in the co-occurrence of pragmatic markers with silent pauses. Language in Society, 52(1), 79–105. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0047404521000610

Setiawan, S., Suprapto, S., Sarmini, S., Munir, A., & Weda, S. (2023). “My class is mine, and I do it my way”, empowering EFL teachers through theorizing practice. XLinguae, 16(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.18355/XL.2023.16.02.14

Shalaby, N. A. (2022). Perceptions of codeswitching and identity in the Egyptian context. In F. Al-Rashdi & S. R. Mehta (Eds.), Language and identity in the Arab world (pp. 190–207). London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003174981

Skalstad, I., & Munkebye, E. (2021). Young children’s questions about science topics when situated in a natural outdoor environment: A qualitative study from kindergarten and primary school. International Journal of Science Education, 43(7), 1017–1035. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2021.1895451

Spolsky, B. (2004). Language policy: Key topics in sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tang, F., & Calafato, R. (2021). Multilingual, bilingual, and monolingual Arabic teachers’ development of learner self-regulation and language awareness in the Emirates. Foreign Language Annals, 54(1), 233–254. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12515

Tarrayo, V. N., Ulla, M. B., & Lekwilai, P. (2021). Perceptions toward Thai English: A study of university English language teachers in Thailand. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 18(4), 374–397. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2021.1919113

Wang, X., Steinman, C., & Taft, M. (2023). Priming asymmetry persists in German-English-French trilinguals: The sense model modified for the trilingual mental lexicon. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 38(7), 983–1000. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2023.2189274

Wang, Y. (2021). A study on the use of hesitation markers in varied-level EFL learners’ l2 speaking process. Open Journal of Modern Linguis- Tics, 11(1), 823–840. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojml.2021.115063

Wong, S. W., Dealey, J., Leung, V. W., & Mok, P. P. (2021). Production of English connected speech processes: An assessment of Cantonese ESL learners’ difficulties obtaining native-like speech. The Language Learning Journal, 49(5), 581–596. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2019.1642372

Wu, J., Chen, Y., van Heuven, V. J., & Schiller, N. O. (2019). Dynamic effect of tonal similarity in bilingual auditory lexical processing. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 34(5), 580–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2018.1550206

Yilmaz, T. (2021). Translanguaging as a pedagogy for equity of language minoritized students. International Journal of Multilingualism, 18(3), 435–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2019.1640705

Zrekat, Y., & Al-Sohbani, Y. (2022). Arab EFL university learners perceptions of the factors hindering them to speak English fluently. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(1), 775–790. https://doi.org/10.52462/jlls.219




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v27i2.9003

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Nashruddin Nashruddin, Slamet Setiawan, Suhartono Suhartono

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indexed and abstracted in:

     

 

 

LLT Journal Sinta 1 Certificate (S1 = Level 1)

We would like to inform you that LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching has been nationally accredited Sinta 1 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia based on the decree  No. Surat Keputusan 169/E/KPT/2024. Validity for 5 years: Vol ... No 1, 20... till Vol ... No 2, 20...


Sinta 1 certificate to post here asap. Thank you for your patience and understanding. 

 

  

 

This work is licensed under CC BY-SA.

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

 

Free counters!


 LLT Journal: A Journal on Language and Language Teaching, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/llt, e-ISSN 2579-9533 and p-ISSN 1410-7201is published twice a year, namely in April and October by the English Language Education Study Programme of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.