OPTIMIZATION OF CARBOPOL 940 AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHARACTERISTIC AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT GEL OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEEDS AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

Octavianus Yandri; Wahyuning Setyani

doi:10.24071/jpsc.002562

OPTIMIZATION OF CARBOPOL 940 AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL CONCENTRATION ON THE CHARACTERISTIC AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT GEL OF PAPAYA (Carica papaya L.) SEEDS AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

Octavianus Yandri^(1*), Wahyuning Setyani⁽²⁾,

(1) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Campus 3 Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55282
(2) Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sanata Dharma, Campus 3 Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55282
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) seeds contain alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic compounds and saponins have been proven its synergistic effect in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. In this research, ethanol extract of papaya seeds was formulated in gel preparations. Optimization of the composition of the gelling agent and humectant was carried out to obtain the gel preparation of papaya seed ethanol extract with good physical properties and stability. The parameters used to determine the stability of the preparation are Physical properties which include viscosity, spreadability, and percentage of viscosity shift. Data analysis was performed using Design-Expert software version 12 and SPSS. The inhibitory activity test was carried out by the disk-diffusion agar method with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as the test bacteria. The results of the inhibitory activity test of papaya seed ethanol extract at a concentration of 20% had moderate activity and at concentrations of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% classified as strong against the Staphylococcus aureus. Carbopol 940 is dominant factor in influencing the response of viscosity (92.504%) and spreadability (59.539%). Preparations with good physical properties and stability were obtained on the use of carbopol 940 and propylene glycol as much as 1.06604 grams and 13.2146 grams respectively.

Keywords

antibacterial; factorial design; papaya seeds; Staphylococcus aureus.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Allen L.V., and Ansel, H.C., 2002. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding. American Pharmaceutical Association.

Andriyani, D., Utami, P. I., Dhiani, B.A., 2010. Penetapan Kadar Tanin Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum.L) Secara Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet Visibel. Pharmacy, 7(2), 1-11.

Arikumalasari, J., Dewantara, I.G.N.A., and Wijayanti, N.P.A.D., 2013. Optimasi HPMC sebagai Gelling Agent dalam Formula Gel Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.). Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, 145–152.

BPOM RI., 2010. Pembuatan Sediaan Herbal. In: Direktorat Obat Asli Indonesia. edisi Kelima. Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia, Jakarta. pp. 7.

Davis, W.W. and Stout, T.R., 1971. Disc plate method of microbiological antibiotic assay. Applied Microbiology, 22(4), 659-665.

Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2013. Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Kementerian kesehatan. pp. 47.

Hayatie, L., Biworo, A., and Suhartono E., 2015. Aqueous Extracts of Seed and Peel of Carica papaya gainst A Aedes Aegypti. Journal of Medical and Bioengineering, 4(5), 418–419.

Hudzicki, 2016. Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Susceptibility Test Protocol. American Society for Microbiology. 17–18.

Ikalinus, R., Widyasstuti, S.K., and Setiasih, N.L.E., 2015. Phytochemical Screening Ethanol Extract Skin Stem Moringa (Moringa Oleifera). Indonesia Medicus Veterinu, 4(1), 71–79.

Lohidas, J., Manjusha, S., and Jothi, G.G.G., 2015. Antimicrobial Acivities of Carica papaya L. Plant Archives, 15(2), 1179–1186.

Menteri Kesehatan RI, 2011. Pedoman Umum Penggunaan Antibakteri. Jakarta. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, pp.1.

Muharni, Fitrya, and Farida S., 2017. Antibacterial Assay of Ethanolic Extract Musi Tribe Medicinal Plant in Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatera. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 7(2), 127–135.

Nismawati, Sjahril, R., and Agus, R., 2018. Deteksi Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Pada Pasien Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin Dengan Metode Kultur. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Megabiodiversitas Indonesia, FK UNHAS 2018, 16.

Patel, N., Patel, P., Patel, D., Desai, S., and Meshram, D., 2014. Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Moringa oleifera. International journal of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences (IJMPS), 4(2), 27–34.

Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P.J., and Quinn, M.E., 2009. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients: Pharmaceutical Press. 6th Edition, London.

Sayuti, N.A., 2015. Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.). Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 5 (2), 75.

Salman, Rustini, Purnomo, H., 2012. Formulasi Obat Jerawat Gel Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Cytrus Hystrix D.C) Dan Uji Aktivitas Terhadap Propionibacterium Acne Secara in Vitro. pp. 3–4.

Sarlina, Razak, A.R., and Tandah, M.R., 2017. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Penyebab Jerawat. Galenika Journal of Pharmacy, 3(2), 143–149.

Setiawati, A., 2015. Peningkatan Resistensi Kultur Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus terhadap Amoxicillin Menggunakan Metode Adaptif Gradual. Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 7 (3), 191.

Tantri, G.K.D., Widiharih, T., and Wuryandari, T., 2015. Analisis Desain Faktorial Fraksional 2k-p dengan Metode Lenth. Jurnal Gaussian, 4(3), 1.

Torar, G.M. J., Lolo, W.A., and Citraningtyas G., Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Terhadap Bakteri Pseudomonas Aeruginosa dan Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacon Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 6(2), 14–21.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jpsc.002562