MEMBANGUN TEOLOGI PUBLIK DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN: CONTOH KASUS GEREJA MASEHI INJILI DI TIMOR

Binsar Jonathan Pakpahan

doi:10.24071/jt.v12i01.5272

MEMBANGUN TEOLOGI PUBLIK DALAM KONTEKS MASYARAKAT KEPULAUAN: CONTOH KASUS GEREJA MASEHI INJILI DI TIMOR

Binsar Jonathan Pakpahan

Abstract

Konsep berteologi publik apa yang sesuai dengan masyarakat kepulauan juga harus disesuaikan dengan konteks spesifik tersebut. Penelitian ini akan membangun sebuah argumen untuk sebuah teologi publik bagi masyarakat kepulauan berdasarkan pilihan model berteologi yang ada. Melalui penelitian kepustakaan, makalah memperlihatkan beberapa model berteologi dari E. Harold Breitenberg Jr. dan Eneida Jacobsen. Breitenberg berargumen bahwa teologi di ruang publik harusnya bersifat komunal, dan Jacobsen memberi beberapa model cara teologi hadir di ruang publik: disclosure (secara jelas menunjukkan bahasa teologis), universal (berbahasa yang dipahami publik, namun tidak menunjukkan secara kuat latar belakang teologisnya), dan factual (berkarya secara nyata). Melalui penelusuran konteks Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor yang berada di kepulauan provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, makalah ini menunjukkan bahwa model berteologi di konteks kepulauan adalah model komunal yang menampilkan teologinya secara nyata (disclosure) dan pada saat yang sama juga mengerjakan karya nyata di jemaat (factual). Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor sudah memiliki landasan teologi yang kuat dalam Pokok-pokok Eklesiologi GMIT yang mendorong mereka untuk terlibat dalam percakapan mengenai kemiskinan dan membangun percakapan lebih serius mengenai ekoteologi.

Keywords

teologi publik; kepulauan; model teologi publik; kepulauan pasifik; Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor

Full Text:

PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)

References

Apituley, Margaretha Martha Anace. Teologi Laut: Mendialogkan Makna Laut Dalam Keluaran 14-15 Berdasarkan Kosmologi Masyarakat Titawaai Di Pulau Nusalaut - Maluku Dengan Kosmologi Israel Kuno. Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulia, 2022.

Baron, Aura Tatiana Ome. “Constructing the Notion of the Maritime Cultural Heritage in the Colombian Territory: Tools for the Protection and Conservation of Fresh and Salt Aquatic Surroundings.” New York, 2008. https://www.un.org/Depts/los/nippon/unnff_programme_home/fellows_pages/fellows_papers/ome-baron_0708_colombia.pdf.

BPS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Indikator Ekonomi Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur 2020. Kupang: BPS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, 2020.

———. Statistik Sosial Dan Kependudukan Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur 2020. Kupang: BPS Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, 2020.

Breitenberg, E. Harold. “To Tell the Truth: Will the Real Public Theology Please Stand Up.” Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 23, no. 2 (2003): 55–96. https://doi.org/10.5840/jsce20032325.

Breitenberg Jr., E. Harold. “What Is Public Theology?” In Public Theology for a Global Society: Essays in Honor of Max Stackhouse, edited by Deirdre King Hainsworth and Scott R. Paeth, 3–17. Grand Rapids, Michigan; Cambridge, UK: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2010.

Brett, Mark G., and Jione Havea, eds. Colonial Contexts and Postcolonial Theologies: Storyweaving in the Asia-Pacific. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137475473.

Cairns, Alan. Dictionary of Theological Terms. Belfast; Greenville: Ambassador Emerald International, 2003.

Cooley, Frank L. Benih Yang Tumbuh XI: Gereja Masehi Injili Di Timor. Jakarta: Lembaga Penelitian dan Studi Dewan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia, 1976.

Cronshaw, Darren. “Exploring Local Church Praxis of Public Theology.” International Journal of Public Theology 14, no. 1 (2020): 68–96. https://doi.org/10.1163/15697320-12341601.

Filho, Walter Leal, ed. Climate Change in the Asia-Pacific Region. Climate Change Management. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14938-7.

Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor. Pengakuan Iman Gereja Masehi Injili Di Timor. Kupang: Gereja Masehi Injili di Timor, 2007.

———. “Pokok-Pokok Eklesiologi GMIT.” Kupang, 2015.

Graham, Elaine. Between A Rock and A Hard Place: Public Theology in A Post-Secular Age. London: SCM Press, 2013.

Haire, James. “Public Theology, A Latin Captivity of the Church: Violence and Public Theology in the Asia-Pacific Context.” International Journal of Public Theology 1, no. 3&4 (2007): 455–70. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/156973207X231725.

Hansen, Len. Christian in Public: Aims, Methodologies and Issues in Public Theology. Cape Town: Sun Press, 2007.

Hardiman, F. Budi, ed. Ruang Publik: Melacak “Partisipasi Demokratis” Dari Polis Sampai Cyberspace. Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2010.

Havea, Sione ‘Amanaki. “Christianity in the Pacific Context.” In South Pacific Theology: Papers from the Consultation on Pacific Theology Papua New Guinea, January 1986, edited by John D’Arcy, 11–15. Oxford: Regnum Books International, 1987.

Hong, Sun Kee. “Biocultural Diversity Conservation for Island and Islanders: Necessity, Goal and Activity.” Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 2, no. 2 (2013): 102–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2013.11.004.

Howard, Charles Lattimore. Black Theology as Mass Movement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137368751.

Indonesia, Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja di. Dokumen Keesaan Gereja: Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Di Indonesia (DKG-PGI) 2014-2019. 1st ed. Jakarta: Persekutuan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia, 2010.

Jacobsen, Eneida. “Models of Public Theology.” International Journal of Public Theology 6, no. 1 (2012): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1163/156973212x617154.

Johnson, Lydia. Drinking From The Same Well: Cross-Cultural Concerns in Pastoral Care and Counseling. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2011.

Kambey, Melinda A., Djuwita R.R. Aling, and Christian R. Dien. “Eksistensi Budaya Maritim Kelompok Nelayan Kelurahan Malalayang Dua, Kota Manado, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.” Jurnal Ilmiah Agrobisnis Perikanan 8, no. 1 (2020): 136–46. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/akulturasi/article/view/28979.

Kim, Sebastian. “Public Theology in the History of Christianity.” In A Companion to Public Theology, edited by Sebastian Kim and Katie Day, 40–66. Leiden; New York: Brill, 2017. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004336063_004.

———. Theology in the Public Sphere: Public Theology as a Catalyst for Open Debate. Norwich: Hymns Ancient & Modern Ltd., 2011.

Kim, Sebastian, and Katie Day, eds. A Companion to Public Theology. Brill’s Companions to Modern Theology. Leiden: Brill, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004336063_013.

Klän, Werner. “Aspects of Lutheran Identity: A Confessional Perspective.” Concordia Journal 32, no. 2 (2006): 133–46.

Kupang News. “Pasca Sarjana Teologi UKAW Gelar Konferensi Nasional Bertajuk Teologi Bercorak Biru Indonesia - Pos-Kupang.Com,” December 8, 2021. https://kupang.tribunnews.com/2021/12/08/pasca-sarjana-teologi-ukaw-gelar-konferensi-nasional-bertajuk-teologi-bercorak-biru-indonesia.

Lalleman-de Winkel, Hetty. “The Old Testament Contribution to Evangelical Models for Public Theology.” European Journal of Theology 14, no. 2 (2005): 87–97.

LOCALISE SDGs. “Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur - LOCALISE SDGs Indonesia,” 2020. https://localisesdgs-indonesia.org/profil-tpb/profil-daerah/17.

———. “Tentang Kami - Localise SDGs Indonesia,” 2020. https://localisesdgs-indonesia.org/tentang-kami.

Maggang, Elia. “Menampakkan Corak Biru Kekristenan Indonesia: Sebuah Perspektif Ekoteologi.” Indonesian Journal of Theology 7, no. 2 (2019): 162–88. https://doi.org/10.46567/ijt.v7i2.149.

McGowan, Andrew T. B. “Church and State: The Contribution of Church History to Evangelical Models for Public Theology.” European Journal of Theology 14, no. 1 (2005): 5–16.

Moltmann, Jürgen. God for a Secular Society: The Public Relevance of Theology. Translated by Margaret Kohl. London: SCM Press, 1999.

Mukhlis, Suhardi, and Rendra Setyadiharja. “Community Development Dengan Internalisasi Nilai Budaya Maritim Di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau Untuk Memperkuat Provinsi Berbasis Kemaritiman.” JIP (Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan) : Kajian Ilmu Pemerintahan Dan Politik Daerah 2, no. 1 (2017): 37–51. https://doi.org/10.24905/jip.2.1.2017.37-51.

Nainggolan, Poltak Partogi. “Kebijakan Poros Maritim Dunia Joko Widodo Dan Implikasi Internasionalnya.” Politica 6, no. 2 (2015): 167–90.

Papasoka, Natalya Leviana, and Jafet G Damamain. “Kerabat Laut: Studi Teologi Kontekstual Mitos Eno Karang Di Aru.” ARUMBAE: Jurnal Ilmiah Teologi Dan Studi Agama 1, no. 1 (2019): 28–40. https://doi.org/10.37429/arumbae.v1i1.180.

PC(USA) Advisory Council on Discipleship and Worship. “The Confessional Nature of the Church.” The Journal of Presbyterian History 79, no. 1 (January 2001): 87–102. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23335390.

Persekutuan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia. Buku Panduan Sidang Majelis Pekerja Lengkap Persekutuan Gereja-Gereja Di Indonesia. Waikabul, Sumba Tengah: Persekutuan Gereja-gereja di Indonesia, 2019.

Pungetti, Gloria. “Islands, Culture, Landscape and Seascape.” Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 1, no. 2 (2012): 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.007.

Rackham, Oliver. “Island Landscapes: Some Preliminary Questions.” Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 1, no. 2 (2012): 87–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2012.11.001.

Satria, Arif. Pengantar Sosiologi Masyarakat Pesisir. Bogor; Jakarta: Fakultas Ekologi Manusia IPB bekerja sama dengan Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia, 2015.

Siu-Maliko, Mercy Ah. “Constructing a Samoan Public Theology of Values.” University of Otago, 2015.

———. Embodying Aga Tausili: A Public Theology from Oceania. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books/Fortress Academic, 2021.

Sulistiyono, Singgih Tri, and Yety Rochwulaningsih. “Contest for Hegemony: The Dynamics of Inland and Maritime Cultures Relations in the History of Java Island, Indonesia.” Journal of Marine and Island Cultures 2, no. 2 (2013): 115–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2013.10.002.

Tomlinson, Matt. God Is Samoan: Dialogues between Culture and Theology in the Pacific. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2020.

Tuwere, Ilaitia Sevati. Vanua: Towards a Fijian Theology of Place. Suva; Auckland: Institute of Pacific Studies at the University of the South Pacific & College of St. John the Evangelist, 2002.

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. “Addressing Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development.” Experts Meeting on Climate Change: Education for Sustainable Development in Asia and Pacific. Manila: Unesco, 2014. https://en.unesco.org/events/experts-meeting-climate-change-education-sustainable- development-asia-and-pacific.

Volf, Miroslav. A Public Faith: How Followers of Christ Should Serve the Common Good. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Brazos Press, 2011.

Watloly, Aholiab. “Konsep Diri Masyarakat Kepulauan.” Filsafat 22, no. 2 (2012): 120–48.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/jt.v12i01.5272