Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia: Sebuah Komparasi di Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Maria Agape Widya Prasetya(1*), Christien Simorangkir(2), Dina Margaretha Ajik Pribadi(3),

(1) Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga
(2) Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga
(3) Program Studi Ilmu Ekonomi, Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Salatiga
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


COVID-19 pandemic that has attacked almost all countries in the world since the end of 2019 until now certainly has an impact on international trade. This impact is certainly also felt by Indonesia as a open market operation country. Purpose of this study is to see whether the COVID-19 pandemic affects international trade, both export and import activities with oil and gas and non-oil and gas types. The data used is the total value of exports and imports, oil and gas, and non-oil and gas from 2019.8 to 2020.9 or nineteen months before the COVID-19 pandemic and nineteen months during the COVID-19 pandemic obtained from the Monthly Trade report published by the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia. This study uses data analysis techniques, namely Paired Sample T Test and Mann-Whitney U Test. The results showed that there was no difference in the value of nonoil and gas imports before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, while total exports, oil and gas exports, non-oil exports, total imports, and imports of oil and gas experienced significant changes or differences in value in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indonesian economy during this crisis turned out to be stronger on the import side because the value of non-oil and gas imports didn’t show a significant difference both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords


COVID-19, ekspor, impor, uji beda

Full Text:

PDF

References


Angehelache, C., Anghel, M.-G., Iacob, S. V., & Grigorescu, D. L. (2021). The Evolution of International Trade Under the Impact of the Health and Economic and Financial Crisis. Academica Brancusi, (1), 17–26. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Carbaugh, R. J. (2019). International Economics (17th ed.). United States of America: Cengage.

Cortinhas, C., & Black, K. (2012). Statistics for Business and Economics (!st Europe). Italy: John Wiley & Sons.

Dermawan, R. (2021). Perdagangan Internasional di Masa Pandemi Covid 19. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Pembangunan, 46–54. Diakses tanggal 30 November 2021.

Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Jawa Timur. (2021). Peran Kinerja Ekspor dalam Mendorong Pemulihan Ekonomi Jawa Timur. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from disperindag.jatimprov.go.id website: https://disperindag.jatimprov.go.id/post/detail?content=peran-kinerja-ekspordalam-mendorong-pemulihan-ekonomi-jawa-timur

Ditjen PDSPKP. (2021). Peringkat Indonesia Sebagai Eksportir Produk Perikanan Dunia Meningkat di Masa Pandemi. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from kkp.go.id website: https://kkp.go.id/djpdspkp/artikel/33334-peringkatindonesia-sebagai-eksportir-produk-perikanan-dunia-meningkat-di-masa-pandemi

Effendi, C., Rahayu, N. G. A. M. N., & Achmadi, R. istighfariana. (2020). Larangan dan pembatasan Ekspor di Masa Pandemi COVID-19 Berdasarkan Aturan WTO. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis Bonum Commune, 3(2), 229–241. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2021.

Ginting, A. M. (2017). Analisis Pengaruh Ekspor Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia. Buletim Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 11(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v11i1.185. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Girip, M., Maracine, D., & Dracea, L. A. (2021). The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Romania’s Trade Balance. Economic Science Series, 21(1), 311–318. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Haryati, Si. N., & Hidayat, P. (2014). Analisis Kausalitas Antara Ekspor dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN plus Three. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan, 2(6), 336–352. Retrieved from

https://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/edk/article/view/11687. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2021.

Hidayat, K. (2020). Ekspor Indonesia di bulan Mei 2020 hanya US$ 10,53 miliar, terendah sejak Juli 2016. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2021.

Ibrahim, Permata, M. I., & Prabowo, W. A. (2016). Dampak Pelaksanaan Acfta Terhadap Perdagangan Internasional Indonesia. Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 4(2), 277–295. Diakses tanggal 27 November 2021.

Igir, E. N., Rotinsulu, D. C. H., Niode, A., Pembangunan, J. E., Ekonomi, F., & Ratulangi, U. S. (2020). ANALISIS PENGARUH KURS TERHADAP EKSPOR NON MIGAS DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2012 : Q1-2018 : Q4. 20(02), 93–102. Diakses tanggal 23 November 2021.

Kementerian Keuangan RI. (2020). Pembatasan Pergerakan Barang dan Orang di Masa Pandemi Mempengaruhi Kinerja Ekspor dan Impor di Mei 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2021, from kemenkeu.go.id website: https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/pembatasan-pergerakan-barangdan-orang-di-masa-pandemi-mempengaruhi-kinerja-ekspor-dan-impor-di-mei2020/

Kementerian Keuangan RI. (2021). Kemendag Optimalkan Peningkatan Ekspor Nonmigas untuk Pemulihan Ekonomi. Retrieved November 28, 2021, from kemenkeu.go.id website:

https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/berita/kemendag-optimalkanpeningkatan-ekspor-nonmigas-untuk-pemulihan-ekonomi/Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian. (2020). Indonesia Perkuat Kerja Sama Bilateral dengan Korsel dalam Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from ekon.go.id website:https://www.ekon.go.id/publikasi/detail/214/indonesia-perkuat-kerja-sama-bilateral-dengan-korsel-dalam-penanganan-pandemi-covid-19

Kementerian Perdagangan RI. (2020). Monthly Trade Figures Indonesia. In Pusat data dan Sistem Informasi SETJEN MTF. Jakarta.

Kuswantoro, K., & Rosianawati, G. (2016). Analisis Pengaruh Pdb Riil, Cadangan Devisa Dan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Impor Nonmigas Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ekonomi-Qu, 6(2), 166–190. https://doi.org/10.35448/jequ.v6i2.4342. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2021.

Makarim, F. R. (2021). Apakah COVID-19 Bisa Menluar Lewat Makanan? Retrieved November 28, 2021, from halodoc.com website:

https://www.halodoc.com/artikel/apakah-covid-19-bisa-menular-lewat-makanan

Mobarok, M. H., Thompson, W., & Skevas, T. (2021). COVID-19 and Policy Impacts on the Bangladesh Rice Market and Food Security. Sustainability

(Switzerland), 13(11), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115981. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Permatasari, D. (2021). Kebijakan COVID-19 dari PSBB Hingga PPKM Empat Level. Kompasmedia. Retrieved from

https://kompaspedia.kompas.id/baca/infografik/kronologi/kebijakan-covid-19-

dari-psbb-hingga-ppkm-empat-level

Pindyck, R. S., & Rubinfeld, D. L. (2018). Microeconomics (Ninth Edit). England: Pearson Education.

Pradipta, M. A., & Swara, I. W. Y. (2015). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Impor Non-Migas Indonesia Kurun Waktu Tahun 1985-2012. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Udayana, 4(8), 1018–1047. Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/view/14855/10224.

Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Pramudita, R. A., & Yucha, N. (2020). Analisis Covid-19 Penghambat Ekspor-Impor dan Bisnis Antara Indonesia dan Cina. Journal Ecopreneur, 3(2), 147–154.

Retrieved from https://ejournal.umaha.ac.id/index.php/ecopreneur/article/download/794/pdf. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Ridwan, M. (2021). Krisis Energi di Inggris Bisa Jadi Peluang untuk Ekspor Migas Tanah Air. Retrieved November 25, 2021, from ekonomi.bisnis.com website:

https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20211001/44/1449412/krisis-energi-di-inggrisbisa-jadi-peluang-untuk-ekspor-migas-tanah-air

Rohmi, M. L., Jaya, T. J., & Syamsiyah, N. (2021). The Effects Pandemic COVID19 on Indonesia Foreign Trade. Jurnal Ekonomi, 26(2), 267–279.

https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v26i2.750. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Safitri, H., Disty, A. A., Ma’Sumah, N., Zulaehah, A., & Ariyanti, Y. (2014). Analisis Neraca Perdagangan Migas dan Non Migas Indonesia terhadap Volatilitas Cadangan Devisa 2003-2013. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 3(2), 353–361. https://doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v3i2.3843. Diakses tanggal 28 November 2021.

Sari, D. (2020). Fenomena Ekonomi dan Perdagangan Indonesia Di Masa Pandemi Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19). AKTIVA: Jurnal Akuntansi Dan

Investasi, 4(1), 81–93. Retrieved from

http://ejournal.unira.ac.id/index.php/jurnal_aktiva/article/view/840. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Sari, H. P. (2021). Menkes Sebut Penggunaan Alat Kesehatan Masih Didominasi Produk Impor. Kompas.Com. Retrieved from

https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2021/06/15/13455331/menkes-sebut-penggunaan-alat-kesehatan-masih-didominasi-produk-impor.

Septina, F. (2020). Determinan Ekspor di Indonesia. Jurnal Ecodemica, 4(2), 307–

Diakses tanggal 21 November 2021.

Setyorani, B. (2018). Pengaruh Nilai Tukar terhadap Ekspor dan Jumlah Uang Beredar di Indonesia. 20(1), 1–11. Diakses tanggal 21 November 2021.

Sumarni, Y. (2020). Pandemi COVID-19: Tantangan Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Al-Intaj Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah, 6(2), 46–58. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Timmoria, I. F. (2021). Aktivitas Ekspor Impor Ikuti Pola Perkembangan Kasus

COVID-19. Retrieved November 25, 2021, from ekonomi.bisnis.com website: https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20210625/12/1409949/aktivitas-ekspor-imporikuti-pola-perkembangan-kasus-covid-19

Tobing, G. M., & Panday, R. (2021). Uji Beda Nilai Ekspor Nonmigas di Indonesia Sebelum dan Saat Terjadinya Pandemi Virus Corona. (December). Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Wardhana, A. (2011). Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Nonmigas Indonesia Ke Singapura Tahun 1990-2010. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Akuntansi, 12(2), 99–102. Diakses tanggal 20 November 2021.

Wei, P., Jin, C., & Xu, C. (2021). The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Imports and Exports in China, Japan, and South Korea. Frontiers in Public Health, 9(682693), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.682693. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Wicaksana, R. H., Pitasari, R. R. A., Nugrahani, H. S. D., & Masfufah, Y. A. (2021). Trade Balance during the COVID-19 Pandemic. IOP Conference Series: Earth

and Environmental Science, 716(1), 1–14. Canada: IOP PublishingLtd.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/716/1/012077. Diakses tanggal 25 November 2021.

Wiryanti, T. (2015). Korelasi Ekspor Dan Impor Terhadap Neraca Perdagangan Dan Neraca Pembayaran Di Indonesia Tahun 2003-2013. Kreatif, 2(2), 111–128.

Diakses tanggal 28 November 2021.

Yuliana, Y. (2020). Corona Virus Diseases (COVOD-19): Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur. Wellness And Healthy Magazine, 2(1), 187–192.

https://doi.org/10.30604/well.95212020. Diakses tanggal 26 November 2021.

Zuhriyah, D. A. (2020, April 15). Ini 5 Komoditas Ekspor yang Tertekan di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Maret 2020. Ekonomi.Bisnis.Com. Retrieved from https://ekonomi.bisnis.com/read/20200415/12/1227376/ini-5-komoditas-eksporyang-tertekan-di-masa-pandemi-covid-19-maret-2020. Diakses tanggal 28 November 2021




DOI: https://doi.org/10.24071/exero.v5i1.5043

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 EXERO : Journal of Research in Business and Economics