Politeness Strategies through Language Power and Style-Based Communication

It is reasonable to highlight that approving the use of intra-lingual and extra-lingual components means justifying the signs of one’s politeness strategies to have appropriate communication. It would be rather different, however, when the scope is within the students’ writing skills. This paper focuses on the student’s implementation of those linguistic components as seen in their work assigned in Mass Media Communication (Journalism) class of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta. Not only does the discussion engage with the course objectives such as being able to make use of the language of news and the nature of investigative report, but it also involves the burning question of how politeness strategies portray such an appropriate application of the two linguistic components. Analysing the students work is, thus, an unavoidable method to use. This research paper is also grounded on the Indonesian indigenous wisdom sarujuk sithik-edhing [committing to win-win solution] of Katresnanism theory, contextualizing the students with the pro-active spirit of cultural pluralism as the nature of International journalism.


Introduction
The question whether or not striving to maintain the quality of being whole and complete as one of those research ethical standards to achieve deals with, at least, two factors.The first one is concerned with approving the use of intra-lingual and extralingual components, and the second one is to see it as the signs of one's politeness strategies to have appropriate communicat ion.
According to Richard Sagor (2005: xi), however, the actions a researcher has decided to take (his or her hypothesis) are not always working as he or she had hoped.
Not only is the thesis of this paper to maintain the quality of being whole and complete as one of those research ethical standards to achieve, but it is also meant to highlight the concrete implementation of making use of intra-lingual and extra-lingual components: enabling the students [of EESP-USD] to avoid inappropriate communication.
The key term is, therefore, having something to do with the so-called politeness.
Since the end goal is to brush up on the students' writing skills, the primary data are but their written work.The focus is on their implementation of those linguistic components as seen in their work assigned in their Mass Media Communication (MMC or Journalism) class.
The discussion does not only engage with the course objectives such as being able to make use of the language of news and the nature of investigative report, but it also involves the burning question of how politeness strategies portray such an appropriate application of the two linguistic components.Analysing the students work is, thus, an unavoidable method to use.This research paper is also grounded on the Indonesian indigenous wisdom sarujuk sithik-edhing [committing to win-win solution] of Katresnanism theory, contextualizing the students with the proactive spirit of cultural pluralism as the nature of International journalism codes.
Literary critics and linguists have directly and indirectly given their opinions especially when following the nature of texts.On the one hand those critics depict their arguments based on the theory of criticism [Common sense-New Historicism]; the linguists, on the other hand, make use of their linguistic knowledge [from that of the mainstreams up to socio-psycho linguistic aspects].
This research is, however, not only meant to highlight the arguments of those experts, but it also points out that we cannot forget to talk about critical approach, linguistic knowledge, and those dealing with socio-cultural, interactional, and strategic competence.
The expected list would be, therefore, comprising of writing the results of those procedures and analysing the data obtained.This is precisely the nature of this study: to uncover Language Power and Style-Based Communication with the focus on the socalled Politeness Strategies by making use of Indonesian indigenous wisdom of Katresnanism .
The data is taken from the students' final paper (for their term paper) in many different content courses, but in this paper the work is focused on those of MMC-Journalism [Mass Media Communication] class of the English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma University [EESP-USD] Yogyakarta.
The questions of the study may, thus, be formulated as "How do the students make use of the intra-lingual and extra-lingual components as the signs of their politeness strategies?" and "How do they use their ideas to advance and develop their thesis as demanded by MMC class?"The answers to the questions are originated from those pragmatic ones which are non-political dogma and semantic aspects of those intralingual and extra-lingual components.Further clarifications have to be, therefore, embracing the pragmatically and semantically world of writing skills and communication such as styles, grammatical constructions, dictions, bathos, colloquial expressions, contexts, rhetoric, tone, ellipses, and the like.
Not only does the discussion engage with the course objectives such as being able to make use of the language of news and the nature of investigative report, but it also involves in exposing the nature of scientific paper writing and that of the language (power and) style-based communication.This research paper is grounded on the Indonesian indigenous wisdom sarujuk sithikedhing [committing to win-win solution] of Katresnanism theory (Herujiyanto, 2006, pp. 125-138), contextualizing the students with the spirit of positive thinking in the process of writing a scientific paper for their final test.

Method
Collecting the data, [the students' midterm test (01-11/04/2014) (Semester Vl & VIII), the final one (18-28/12/2014), and their latest assignments (January-March 2015)], the actual actions are to categorize and analyse them in accordance to the spirit of Katresnanism's committing to win-win solution and the polite factors representing the intra-lingual and extra-lingual components in question.
The findings deal with whether or not the politeness strategies as reflected in their papers have something to do with intralingual and extra-lingual components and whether or not they used their ideas to advance and develop their thesis.Indirectly, the minimum requirement for the writing work which meets the readership in question is accomplished.

Katresnanism Approach
Sarujuk sithik-edhing [committing to win-win solution] is one the aos [cores] of Katresnanism theory, accommodating the sincere commitment of respecting everybody else's concrete actions [altruistically participating] in order to encourage and see that one action would lead to another related action endlessly.All those actions [as seen in the analysis/ discussion] are basically to motivate and create the better situation of communicative processes.In short, it is the spirit of giving and offering (Herujiyanto, 2006: 125-138).
It can be defined as those actions exercising "altruistic acts reminding each of us of critical approach, linguistic knowledge, and those dealing with socio-cultural, interactional, and strategic competence closely related with and to language power and style-based communication."Sarujuk-sithik-edhing is the making of nyengkuyung [the spirit of doing a favour altruistically] and all other "cores" of Katresnanism school of thought.

Discussion
Besides the sarujuk sithik-edhing with one of those basic concepts of intercultural communication in Katresnanism wisdom, the discussion of the students' work functions to highlight their understanding of the language power and style that deal with the politeness markers in communicative language.This can be easily identified [intralinguistically] and/or should be regarded within the context [extra linguistically] in the sense of having to make use of certain tools to interprete them.
Implementing the sarujuk sithik-edhing of intra-linguistic elements and extralinguistic elements would, therefore, produce the ideal communication within the society in question.
The following is the students' original work and its edited version:

Edited Version
Quality speaking Indonesian Muslims are minority -Indonesian cleric Indonesian Muslims majority by number, minority by "quality"cleric An activist of the Council of Indonesian Young Muslims Scholars and Intellectuals [MIUMI], cleric Adnin Armas, has said that Indonesian Muslims have become the minority although they are the majority in the sense of their population numbers in the country.
According to him, Muslims used to achieve their glory and they were even called as the best people since those friends or societies of Prophet Muhammad dedicated their life to Islam.He also said that such an unexpected situation was due to the inappropriate actions conducted by the Muslims themselves.Mentioning ...., politically and culturally left behind due to their low quality in many different aspects.
An activist of the Council of Indonesian Young Muslim Scholars and Intellectuals [MIUMI], cleric Adnin Armas, has said that Indonesian Muslims have become a minority although they are the majority in the sense of their population numbers in the country.
According to him, Muslims used to achieve glory and were called the best people since the friends or associates of Prophet Muhammad dedicated their life to Islam.He also said that such an unexpected situation had arisen due to the inappropriate actions of Muslims themselves.Mentioning ... , politically and culturally left behind due to their low quality in many different areas.

Original Edited Version
Indonesian media editor-in-chief: there is no radical term in Islam Indonesian website editor questions use of term "radical" The Indonesian ... to judge other people as the infidels.
"According to BNPT chief, radicalism can be divided into two, namely, the good and the bad one," Mahladi said, pointing out that Islam did not recognize the term radical but "ghuluw" or religious exaggeration.
"Instead of radicalism, we have the term "ghuluw" in Islam.It means the Islamic exaggerated teachings," he said, explaining that it was important to have the same understanding on the meaning of the so-called radical mass media.
"When I met with BNPT chief, Saud Usman Nasution, some journalists asked him for showing the radical contents carried in hidayatullah.com," he said, adding that there were only two articles considered as being radical and threatening.Mentioning that there were only two items, he questioned why BNPT had not directly asked the media for redrawing them instead of blocking the site.
The Indonesian ... to judge other people as the infidels.
According to BNPT chief, radicalism can be divided into two, namely, the good and the bad one, Mahladi said, pointing out that Islam did not recognize the term "radical" but instead had the term "ghuluw" or "religious exaggeration"."Instead of 'radicalism', we have the term ghuluw in Islam.It means exaggerated Islamic teaching," he said, explaining that it was important to have the same understanding regarding the meaning of the so-called radical mass media."When I met BNPT chief Saud Usman Nasution, some journalists had asked him to show the radical content in hidayatullah.com,but there were only two articles considered radical and threatening," he said.
He questioned why the BNPT had not directly asked the media to withdraw them instead of blocking the site.

Original Edited Version
Indonesian Press Council: evaluation of media cannot be done one-sidedly Indonesian press body chief says media freedom should be upheld The Indonesian Press Council [DPI] has said that some Indonesian communities have to shoulder the risks of guarding and maintaining the [Press] freedom of expression.This is regarded as the valuable blessings.This is despite the fact that there are still many Indonesian [and Islamic] websites and media which are still allegedly carrying hatred speeches and spreading up violent messages.
According to the chair of DPI, Bagir Manan, the Press freedom of expression should be within the frame of maintaining the public order.The problems are, however, we live in a democratic country with the foundation of law supremacy.According to him, the DPI will also keep struggling for maintaining the existing freedom of expression in the country.
According to him, the DPI will also keep making efforts to maintain the existing freedom of expression in the country.

Original Edited Version
Indonesia According to him, the events are meant to highlight the mission and vision of Muslims amid the current threatening movements of neo-liberalism and neo-imperialism in Indonesia.
Having learnt the hard lessons that the falling of the last Islamic Khilafah [Caliphate] is the beginning of the falling of Islamic world, then the re-awakening of Islam may only be achieved by re-establishing the Khilafah.The Khilafah with its comprehensive Islamic Shar'iah will, indeed, reunite Muslims all over the world in facing with many different threats," he stated.
Having learnt the hard lessons that the fall of the last Islamic Khilafah is the beginning of the fall of Islamic world, the reawakening of Islam may only be achieved by re-establishing the Khilafah.
The Khilafah with its comprehensive Islamic shar'iah will, indeed, reunite Muslims all over the world in facing many different threats, he said.

Original Edited Version
It is exaggerated to lift restrictions for foreign journalists in Indonesia Papua

Indonesian lawmaker criticizes lifting of restrictions on foreign journalists
A member of Indonesian House [DPR], Sukamta, has criticized the decision made by President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo to revoke the restrictions that prevented foreign journalists from covering Papua province.
According to him, such an official press ... on stay permit.Having implemented the welfare approach which insists on developing the people and their well being, then ... in journalism codes.
Those journalists had violated journalism codes when the restrictions ... Will the East Timor case with its referendum be repeated in Papua?" stated he.
A member of Indonesian House [DPR], Sukamta, has criticized the decision made by President Joko Jokowi Widodo to revoke the restrictions that prevented foreign journalists from covering Papua province.According to him, such an official press ... on stay permit.Having implemented the welfare approach which insists on developing the people and their wellbeing, then ... in journalism codes.
Those journalists had violated journalism codes when the restrictions ... Will the East Timor case with its referendum be repeated in Papua?" he questioned.

Note and Final Remarks
This reasearch is one of the responses to the demand of the Indonesian Directorate General of Higher Education and Culture Ministry stated in its decree No. 152/D/T/2012, dated on 27 January 2012: one of the requirements to obtain undergraduate degree is for the student to The remedy to such problems has also been carried through class activities: First, the students were divided into small group of three.
Then they discussed their understanding on the nature of MMC class.They were also to exchange their first draft of their writing work.One of the significant steps were to encourage the students to have their second draft paper consulted with their lecturer.The consultation was mainly dealing with their understanding of the materials discussed.
In dealing with the problems of developing ideas, it can be concluded that those using documentation are 75 % [4 -12 groups depending the numbers of the students in a class]; there were also foud that 65 % [3-10 groups] of them had, indeed, acquainted with a cross section of materials.There were 60 % [3-10 groups] engaging in critical, not creative, reading and writing.
Not only has the approach helped the students feel relaxed in following the activities conducted in the class, but they have also deepened and developed their writing skills.
It can also be said that the objectives of the course such as understanding the nature of journalism and creative-feature writing; becoming familiar with cross cultural multidimensionality and world cultures may be achieved mainly through written activities.
Implementing and establishing sarujuk sithik-edhing [committing to win-win solution] principles have, indeed, helped the students better understand the meaning of critical approaches, linguistic knowledge, and those dealing with socio-cultural, interactional, and strategic competence.They also happened to experience brushing up on their scientific writing skills.
have produced a paper published in a scientific journal.The findings show that almost every single work [except the last one, AH21_210215] violates the appropriate use of intra-lingual and extra-lingual components.Many of them have also denied the conventional signs of one's politeness strategies in conductig acceptable communication.

freedom of expression for the press should be within the ambit of
Mentioning the protests against the recent blocking Islamic websites, he said that they should have been carried out in accordance to the appropriate procedures without violating against the Indonesian laws.The Indonesian Press Council[DPI]has said that some Indonesian communities have to shoulder the risks of guarding and maintaining freedom of expression.This is regarded as a valuable blessing.This is despite the fact that there are still many Indonesian websites and media which are still allegedly carrying hatred speeches and spreading messages of violence.According to the chairperson of DPI, Bagir Manan, Mentioning the protests against the recent blocking of Islamic websites, he said they should have been carried out in accordance with appropriate procedures without violating Indonesian laws.

Islamic code in dealing with the Islamic Aceh criminal code
Aceh province to train 50 Islamic lawyers Indonesia's Aceh Province trains lawyers on Islamic codes The Islamic Shari'a Board (DSI) of Aceh Province has held trainings to 50 provincial lawyers on (Qanun Jinayat) and the Civil Law Islamic Aceh Qanun Jinayat.The aim is to produce Islamic lawyers in the province.Syahrizal Abbas, the chair of DSI, has been quoted as saying The Islamic Shari'ah Board (DSI) of Aceh Province has held training sessions for 50 provincial lawyers on dealing with the Islamic Aceh criminal code (Qanun Jinayat) and the Civil Law Islamic Aceh Qanun Jinayat.The aim is to produce Islamic lawyers in the province.Syahrizal Abbas, the chair of DSI, has been quoted as saying by Serambi Indonesia Daily, on Tuesday [5 May] that the training would last for three days.
by Serambi Indonesia Daily, on Tuesday (5 May) that the training would last for three days (up to 7 May).According to him, it needs commitment and understanding to accomplish the goal.The administration of Aceh province is in charge of socializing the activities held in one of the only two Special Provinces [the other one is Yogyakarta province] in the country.He also said that DSI wants to make sure that Islamic Shari'a be really established in Aceh.The organizing committee of the training, Munawar A Djalil, likewise said that it was necessary to hold such activities to make sure that the province has got Islamic lawyers with the ability to professionally understand the implementation Islamic Shari'a and provide the people with appropriate legal aids.According to him, Articles 2 and 75 of the Civil Law Islamic Aceh Qanun Jinayat say that it is important for every defendant has got the legal aids needed.It is precisely the reasons of having the appropriate Islamic lawyers," said Munawar.According to him, commitment and understanding are needed to accomplish the goal.The administration of Aceh Province is in-charge of organizing the activities in one of the two special provinces [the other is Yogyakarta Province] in the country.He also said that DSI wants to make sure that Islamic shari'ah can be actually established in Aceh.An official with the organizing committee, Munawar A. Djalil, said it is necessary to hold such activities to make sure that the province gets Islamic lawyers with the ability to professionally understand the implementation of Islamic shari'ah and provide people with appropriate legal help.According to him, Articles 2 and 75 of the Civil Law Islamic Aceh Qanun Jinayat say that it is important for every defendant to get the required

legal help. This is precisely the reason to get appropriate Islamic lawyers, Munawar said. 5. [AH10_120515]: Original Edited Version Indonesian group holds meetings on re-establishing Caliphate in 36 cities Indonesian Islamic group to hold meetings to re-establish shar'iah
According to him, the events are meant to highlight the mission and vision of Muslims in the mid of the current threatening movements of neo-liberalism and neo-imperialism in Indonesia.

Edited Version Refusing Rohingya Muslims, ASEAN leaders have unworthy inner selves Indonesia Islamist group criticizes countries' refusal to help migrants at sea The spokesperson of the Indonesian Hizbut Tahrir [HTI], Muhammad Ismail Yusanto, has said that the refusal and pushing back boats carrying refugees and migrants of Rohingya Muslims and Bangladeshis to the sea by some ASEAN countries has suggested their unworthy inner selves. The natural kind hearted attitudes of the leaders of the countries must have been disappeared.
have, at least in the name of humanity, provided them with temporary camps.In the past, Indonesia had great experiences in giving unpopulated Galang Islands for temporary camps of thousands of Vietnamese refugees.Indonesia can do the same things to those Rohingya Muslims and Muhammad Ismail Yusanto,

spokesperson for the Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia [HTI], has said that the refusal and pushing back boats carrying Rohingya Muslims and Bangladeshi refugees and migrants to the sea by
some ASEAN [Association of Southeast Asian Nations] countries suggested their unworthy inner selves.

The natural, kind- hearted attitude of the countries' leaders must have disappeared.
The leaders lack empathy for hundreds of frail and distressed Rohingya Muslims fleeing persecution in Myanmar [

giving unpopulated Galang Islands for temporary camps for thousands of Vietnamese refugees.
Indonesia can do the same things for Rohingya Muslims and Bangladeshis.Admittedly, the country is still faced with many problems, but it does not mean having no more senses of humanity.Besides, Indonesia is the nation with the world's largest Muslim population.It is only natural that the country gives their hands to those vulnerable Rohingya Muslims," Ismail Yusanto concluded.Bangladeshis.Admittedly, the country is still faced with many problems but that does not mean having no sense of humanity.Besides, Indonesia is a nation with the world's largest Muslim population.It is only natural that the country gives its hands to the vulnerable Rohingya Muslims, Ismail Yusanto concluded.Muslims inAceh provide Rohingya Muslims with humanitarian help Indonesians in Aceh province give humanitarian aid to Myanmar migrants The representatives of Association of Muslim women [Salimah] and the Da'wah Council of Pidie, Aceh, have visited Myanmar's ethnic Rohingya Muslim refugees who were stranded off in the sub district of Kuala Cangkoi Lhoksukon in North Aceh.In the village of Sungai Keruk, Seruway [Tamiang sub district], there are 47 Rohingya Muslims consisting of 12 women and 35 men.In the meantime, the boatloads of more than 500 Muslims, who arrived at Kuala Julok sub district (East Aceh), had been moved to the refugee camps in Kuala Langsa.The representatives of Association of Muslim women [Salimah] and the Da'wah Council of Pidie, Aceh, have visited Myanmar's ethnic Rohingya Muslim refugees who were stranded off in the sub district of Kuala Cangkoi Lhoksukon in North Aceh.In the village of Sungai Keruk, Seruway [Tamiang sub district], there are 47 Rohingya Muslims consisting of 12 women and 35 men.In the meantime, the boatloads of more than 500 Rohingya Muslims, who arrived at Kuala Julok sub district (East Aceh), have been moved to the refugee camps in Kuala Langsa.

youth condemns attack on Sunnis' Mosque Indonesian Islamist flays Shi'is for attacking Sunni village
The general Chair of the youth wing of Muslims Unity [PUI], Rizal Arifin, has condemned a group of 30 Indonesian Shiites for having attacked on Az-Zikra village [a Sunnis' village] in Bogor, West Java [on Wednesday night, February 11, 2015].According to him, not only was the attack an insult to the "tolerant" Indonesia, but it was also ironical since it

Indonesian religious freedom protection bill close to completion Indonesia drafting bill to protect religious freedom - minister
The Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs has almost completed drafting a bill on protecting freedom of religion in Indonesia, saying that it is meant to share the same perception on what exactly constitutes blasphemy.This way the peace in society can be well kept and maintained."Wehave prepared the religious freedom protection bill and are still perfecting it," the Religious Affairs Minister, Lukman Hakim Saifuddin, said in Jakarta as quoted by Antara on Thursday (19 February).According to him, the bill will enable his office to offer peaceful solutions to the disputes among religious followers as well as to reduce, or rather prevent refusal and blasphemy from being conducted against a certain religion by highlighting the perception on, for example, what exactly onstitutes blasphemy."Thereport says, for example, that there have been found many banners refusing Shi'a or condemning Wahhabi [the follower of Muhammad Bin-Abd-al-Wahhab in 18th century Arabia or Sunni school of Islam].These may be categorized as religious freedom or as blasphemy," he said, adding that under the proposed law the police would also be better able to distinguish whether somebody had violated the law or human rights when dealing with the socalled religious freedom.Abd-al-Wahhab in 18th century Arabia or Sunni school of Islam].These may be categorized as religious freedom or as blasphemy, he said, adding that under the proposed law the police would also be better able to distinguish whether somebody had violated the law or human rights when dealing with the so-called religious freedom.Mentioning Imlek [Chinese New Year] that took place on Thursday [19 February], the Minister wished a very happy Imlek to Chinese Indonesians.It is true that that our societies have been very tolerant.In fact, there are many Indonesians from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds also celebrate Imlek.They are respecting their Chinese Indonesian brothers, he stated.In the meantime, the chair of the Council of Indonesian Young Muslims Scholars and Intellectuals (MIUMI) Chapter Jakarta, Fahmi Salim, said that the proposed law would potentially weaken the fatwa [religious ruling] on misleading Islamic sects issued by the Council of Indonesian Muslim Scholars [MUI].Unless being well monitored, the proposed law may interfere in the materials and contents of da'wah [Islamic preaching and missionary work] and those prayers at public schools, he recently said at Jakarta Al Azhar Great Mosque.